core drugs

Question 1

L- DOPA

Answer 1

precursor to dopamine. converted by dopa decarboxylase

Question 2

amphetamine

Answer 2

reverses monoamine transporters so they pump out monoamines and prevent reuptake (dopamine and noradrenaline - kind of like md)

Question 3

cocaine and Ritalin (methyphenidate)

Answer 3

block dopamine reuptake

Question 4

selegiline

Answer 4

monoamine oxidase inhibitor in synaptic terminals.
- keeps dopamine in synapse for longer

• parkinsons, depression, dementia

Question 5

entacapone

Answer 5

COMT inhibitor

(COMT inactivates monoamines)

PD

Question 6

fluoxetine

Answer 6

Prozac - SSRI

ocd, depression

Question 7

neostigmine

Answer 7

AChE inhibitor

- blocks ACh breakdown x

Question 8

alcohol

Answer 8

NMDA antagonist

• hence mems gone
• hence agitation withdrawal

Question 9

benzos

Answer 9

indirect agonist of GABAa

• as it increases the receptor affinity for GABA
• increase channel opening frequency

diazepam

• sedative
• anxiolytic
• anticonvulsant
• muscle relaxant

Question 10

scopolamine

Answer 10

muscarinic receptor antagonist

• antiemetic
• stops theta waves
• prohibits spatial learning

Question 11

physostigmine

Answer 11

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

• enhance acetylcholine
• better theta waves
• improves memory

for alzheimers

Question 12

vapourisable anaesthetics

Answer 12

isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane

physical:

• cost
• stability
• vapourability
• explosivity/ flammability

chemical:

• non irritant
• high potency
• minimal side effects

Question 13

anaesthetics IV

Answer 13

depolarising:

• competitive with ACh
• slower onset/offset
• steroid

Question 14

typical antipsychotics

Answer 14

D2 receptor antagonist

• prevent +ve symptoms
• extrapyramidal side effects (Parkinson like)
• no effect on neurocognitive decline

upregulation of D2 receptors means you need to keep increasing dose

Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol: more potent than Chlorpromazine

Question 15

atypical antipsychotics

Answer 15

clozapine, Risperidone

• D4 receptor antagonist
• also effects on 5HT
• beneficial but with less extrapyramidal side effects
• some improvement to neurocognitive decline in schizophrenia

decrease DA in NAcc
increase DA in PFC
opposite of PCP

Question 16

PCP

Answer 16

NMDA receptor antagonist
- replicates symptoms of schizophrenia

increase DA in NAcc
decrease DA in PFC
as in schizophrenia

Question 17

lithium

Answer 17

mood stabiliser

bipolar and mania

Question 18

analgesics

Answer 18

ibuprofen - NSAID

paracetamol

morphine - opiate receptor agonist - mu

Question 19

anti migraine drug

Answer 19

pizotifen

inhibit serotonin and histamine

Question 20

antiepeleptics

Answer 20

• carbamazepine
  > GABA agonist
• sodium valproate
  > GABA, block Na channels
• phenobarbitone (barbiturate)
  > GABA receptor indirect agonist, glutamate antagonist
  > works by opening channels for longer
• phenytoin

Question 21

Amitriptyline

Answer 21

tricyclic antidepressant

- agonist of 5HT, histamine and NA reuptake transporters

Question 22

baclofen

Answer 22

muscle relaxant in huntingtona

GABAb agonist

Question 23

parkinsons drugs

Answer 23

ropinirole
- dopamine receptor agonist

levodopa
- LDOPA > dopamine via DOPA decarboxylase

selegiline
- MAO inhibitor

entacapone

• inhibit COMT
• COMT inactivates monoamines

Question 24

dementia drug

Answer 24

donepezil

- ACh esterase inhibitor

Question 25

aspirin

Answer 25

NSAID
Act by inhibiting Cyclooxygenase 1and 2

Analgesic, Antipyretic, Anti inflammatory

Side Effects  :
Gastric Irritation
Bronchospasm
Renal Impairment
Platelet function 
Oxidative phosphorylation 
Air Hunger 
Reyes Syndrome

Question 26

ketamine

Answer 26

• anaesthetic and analgesic
• NMDA Receptors
  Not GABA
  Analgesic local/general
  Anaesthetic
  Sedative
  SIDE EFFECTS emergence phenomena

Question 27

naloxone

Answer 27

blocks effects of opiates

- antagonist of opioid receptor

Question 28

suxamethonium

Answer 28

nictonicic receptor antagonist on NMJ

- complete paralysis - surgery