Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry Module 3 > T1: Non-Protein Nitrogens and Glomerular Function Tests (PART2) > Flashcards

T1: Non-Protein Nitrogens and Glomerular Function Tests (PART2) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

ESSAY
Uric Acid
- One specific major source

A

Catabolism of the purine base nucleosides, adenosine and guanosine (=purine base metabolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ESSAY
Uric Acid
- two specific minor sources

A
  • Food

- Conditions of increased nucleic acid turnover (cancer patients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ESSAY
Uric Acid
- four sequential steps in its renal handling

A
  1. Free glomerular filtration
  2. Reabsorption of >90% in PCT
  3. Tubular secretion in the distal portion of the PCT
  4. Reabsorption in the DCT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ESSAY
Uric Acid
- One (2) primary cause of hyperuricemia associated with increased formation

A
  1. Idiopathic

2. Inherited metabolic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ESSAY
Uric Acid
- Four secondary causes of hyperuricemia associated with increased formation

A
  1. Excess dietary purine intake
  2. Increased nucleic acid turnover
  3. Altered ATP metabolism
  4. Preeclampsia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ESSAY
Uric Acid
- Once secondary disease state associated with decreased excretion

A
  1. acute or chronic renal disease, increased renal reabsorption, lead poisoning (**much more in lecture)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ESSAY
Uric Acid
- Causes of primary and secondary gout

A

Primary: overproduction of purines, decreased renal secretion of uric acid, increased dietary intake of purines (problem handling Uric acid)
Secondary: consumption of alcohol, fructose drinks, meat, and seafood (dietary gout, acute/chronic renal disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ESSAY
Uric Acid
- Reference range for men and women

A

Men: 4.0 - 8.5 mg/dL
Women: 2.7 - 7.3 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Reagents used and scientist’s name associated with the chemical method for uric acid

A

Caraway method , oxidation of Uric acid with reduction of phosphotungstic acid to tungsten blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reagents used in the enzymatic method for uric acid

A

Uricase method: uricase oxydizes urate to allantoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ESSAY
ammonia
- three specific sources

A
  1. Deamination of proteins in liver
  2. Bacterial proteases, creases and amine oxidases act on contents of colon in GI tract
  3. Hydrolysis of the glutamine in both the small and large intestines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ESSAY
ammonia
- one primary cause of increased ammonia

A

Inherited urea cycle deficiencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ESSAY
ammonia
- four secondary causes of increased ammonia

A
  1. Advanced liver disease
  2. renal failure
  3. Reye’s syndrome
  4. hepatic encephalopathy in individuals with cirrhosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ESSAY
ammonia
- Four special specimen collection and handling procedures

A
  1. Good venipuncture technique must be used
  2. Must be put on ice immediately and analyzed within 20 minutes of venipuncture
  3. Patient must not smoke after midnight for a fasting specimen draw; no smoking in phleb area
  4. Lab area and glassware should be free from ammonia contamination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ESSAY
ammonia
- reference range

A

14-45 micromol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The rate at which the kidneys are able to remove a filterable substance from the blood per unit of time

A

Clearance

17
Q

Two factors upon which clearance is dependent

A
  1. Plasma concentration of that substance

2. Ability of kidneys to remove it

18
Q

Two reasons why the creatinine clearance calculation is used to assess glomerular function

A
  1. its production is fairly constant day-to-day

2. It is freely filtered at the glomerulus and not secreted by the renal tubules

19
Q

Corrected creatinine clearance formula and what units will it be in?

A

[(UxV)/P] x (1/t) x (1.73/SA)

mL/min

20
Q

Four instructions which should be given to a patient who is collecting a timed urine specimen

A
  1. void into toilet and note the time
  2. collect every urine thereafter until the collection period is over, refrigerating specimen between voids
  3. At the end of collection period, void and include this specimen in collection
  4. Do not include first AND last voids
21
Q

Creatinine excretion formula and what units?

A

[ UCR x TV x (1/1000) x (1/100) ]

- grams/volume

22
Q

What is the usefulness of calculating creatinine excretion in grams/volume

A

If less than 0.5 it is probably an incomplete collection

23
Q

Two compounds that may be used instead of creatinine when a more precise assessment of glomerular function is required

A
  1. Inulin clearance

2. Cystatin C

Chemistry Module 3 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions