Acid-Base Balance Part 3

Question 1

Where do right shifts of the oxygen dissociation curve normally occur?

Answer 1

tissues (decreased affinity)

Question 2

Where do left shifts of the oxygen dissociation curve normally occur

Answer 2

lungs (increased affinity)

Question 3

Four normal physiological factors which cause a shift to the rightof the oxygen dissociation curve

Answer 3

D- pH
I - PCO2
I - 2,3 DPG
I- Temp

Question 4

Four normal physiological factors which cause a shift to the leftof the oxygen dissociation curve

Answer 4

I - pH
D - PCO2
D - 2,3 DPG
D - Temp

Question 5

What is the clinical use of the p50 value

Answer 5

1. to assess the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin

2. to assess whether a right or left shift is occurring in a patient

Question 6

What are the effects on blood gas results causes by delays in testing?

Answer 6

D - pH
I - pCO2
D - pO2

Question 7

What are the effects on blood gas results caused by exposure to room air?

Answer 7

I - pH
D - pCO2
I - pO2

Question 8

3 forms of carbon dioxide in plasma

Answer 8

dCO2
HCO3-
H2CO3

Question 9

Total CO2 formula

Answer 9

TCO2 = (alpha) (pCO2) + HCO3-

Question 10

What does base excess mean?

Answer 10

Number of hydrogen ions needed to raise or lower 1 liter of whole blood to a pH of 7.4

Question 11

What is base excess’ usefulness in determining IV therapies

Answer 11

Used to assess the metabolic component of acid-base status and helps determine whether patient should be given sodium bicarb or ammonium chloride intravenously to help correct the problem

Question 12

Three parameters which can be obtained using the Siggaard-Anderson nomogram

Answer 12

1. Bicarbonate concentration
2. Total CO2
3. Base Excess

Question 13

pH

• ref range in arterial and venus blood
• measured or

Answer 13

Arterial: 7.37 - 7.44
Venus: 7.35 - 7.45

Question 14

pCO2

- ref range in arterial and venus blood

Answer 14

Arterial: 35 - 45 mmHg
Venus: 40 - 55 mmHg

Question 15

pO2

- ref range in arterial and venus blood

Answer 15

Arterial: 80 - 90 mmHg
Venus: 30 - 50 mmHg

Question 16

Bicarbonate

- ref range in arterial and venus blood

Answer 16

Arterial: 22 - 29 mEq
Venus: 22- 27 mEq

Question 17

Base excess

- ref range in arterial and venus blood

Answer 17

Arterial: 0+/-2
Venus: 0+/- 2

Question 18

percent oxygen saturation

- ref range in arterial and venus blood

Answer 18

Arterial: 95 - 99 %
Venus: 50 - 70 %

Question 19

carbondioxide

- ref range in arterial and venus blood

Answer 19

Arterial:
Venus: 40 - 55%