T-Spine. Quiz 3 Flashcards
The thoracic spine is the _______mobile part of the spinal Column?
LEAST
What takes precedence over intersegmental spinal mobility in the Thoracic spine?
Protection of the thoracic viscera
The upper Thoracic spine tends resemble _____, the lower thoracic spine tends to resemble________?
Cervical, lumbar
Addition of the articulations for the____makes the T spine unique?
Ribs
The T-spine is pro to what kind of problems and what kind of syndromes?
Chronic postural problems, and myofascial pain syndromes
What part of the nervous system is commonly effected due to biommecational changes?
Sympathetic nervous system (T1 - L2)
What do the spinous processes in the thoracic spine limit?
Extension
What is found of the transverse process of the thoracic spine?
Concave facet on the anterior side
What do the spinous processes of the thoracic spine look like?
Long and slender, point obliquely downward, overlap in mid thoracic spine.
What is the degree and pane of the facet orientation of the T-spine?
60 degrees from the horizontal plane
What is orientation of the inferior articular process in the thoracic spine?
Anterior, Inferior, Medial (AIM)
What is orientation of the superior articular process in the thoracic spine?
Posterior, Superior, Lateral
PSL
What degree and on what Axis is also from the FRONTAL plane?
20 from Y axis
The IVD in the T-spine are comparatively think or thick?
THIN
What is the disc height to body height ratio in the T-spine?
1:5 (smallest spinal ratio)
Is the thoracic spine the most or least flexible ?
Least
Where is the nucleus located within the annulus ?
More centrally located that in other regions
What degree is a kyphotic curve less than?
55
What is the range and average of the thoracic kyphotic curve?
20-50, average of 45
What is the primary, structural curve
Kyphotic Thoracic curve
What maintains the thoracic curve?
Wedged shaped vertebral bodies, (2mm higher posteriorly
The thoracic curve extends from what to what?
T1-T12
What is the apex of the thoracic kyphotic curve ?
APEX
Are alterations in kyphosis anatomical or postural?
Can be both
Does a change in the primary thoracic curve likely mean there will be changes in the secondary curves as well?
Yes
Alterations of the kyphotic curve is associated with chronic stretch of what?
The trapezius
As thoracic kyphosis increase it crowds what?
Thoracic viscera
What 2 conditions can result in increased thoracic kyphosis?
Osteoporosis and Scheuermann disease
What is the most limited movement in the thoracic spine?
Extension
What is the primary movement of the thoracic spine?
Lateral bending (coupled with axial rotation)
How much more rotation and lateral bending is seen in the thoracic spine compared to flexion and extension ?
Twice as much
Lateral bending in the thoracic spine is always coupled with what?
Axial rotation (0Y) (most apparent in the upper thoracic spine
With lateral bend at T1-T4 where does the spinous process go?
Contralateral spine
With lateral bend at T5-T8 where does the spinous process go?
Either side
With lateral bend at T9-T12 where does the spinous process go?
Ipsilateral side
In the walking study, what was the average degree of axial rotation in the thoracic spine?
6
In the walking study where is the grease rotation observed?
Middle thoracics
_____of the thoracic spine is greatly enhanced by the rib cage, especially________?
stiffness, extension
The rib cage increases_____ stability X4
Y axis
What joints connect the heads of the ribs to the vertebral body?
Costovertebal
What joints connect the necks and tubercles of the ribs with the transverse process
Costotransvere
What ribs connect to the sternum DIRECTLY via costocentral joints ?
1-7
What ribs attach indirectly via shared costal cartilage ?
8-10
What ribs are free floating ?
11 and 12
What makes up the thoracocervial junction ?
c6-t3
Are movements between c6 and T3 increased or decreased?
Decreased (but coupled movements are the same as for the typical cervical region
What makes up the thoracolumbar junction?
T10-L1
What is the most significant change in the thoracolumbar junction?
Coronal facet plane in the T spine to shag Gia like plane in the L spine (typically at T11-12)
Posterior primary rami of the spinal roots of T12-L2 form what?
Cluneal nerves
Maine believes up to ___% of chronic and acute back pain is caused by referred pain from the lowery thoracic spice into the lumbar or sacrum
60