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Biomechanics > T-Spine. Quiz 3 > Flashcards

T-Spine. Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The thoracic spine is the _______mobile part of the spinal Column?

A

LEAST

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2
Q

What takes precedence over intersegmental spinal mobility in the Thoracic spine?

A

Protection of the thoracic viscera

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3
Q

The upper Thoracic spine tends resemble _____, the lower thoracic spine tends to resemble________?

A

Cervical, lumbar

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4
Q

Addition of the articulations for the____makes the T spine unique?

A

Ribs

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5
Q

The T-spine is pro to what kind of problems and what kind of syndromes?

A

Chronic postural problems, and myofascial pain syndromes

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6
Q

What part of the nervous system is commonly effected due to biommecational changes?

A

Sympathetic nervous system (T1 - L2)

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7
Q

What do the spinous processes in the thoracic spine limit?

A

Extension

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8
Q

What is found of the transverse process of the thoracic spine?

A

Concave facet on the anterior side

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9
Q

What do the spinous processes of the thoracic spine look like?

A

Long and slender, point obliquely downward, overlap in mid thoracic spine.

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10
Q

What is the degree and pane of the facet orientation of the T-spine?

A

60 degrees from the horizontal plane

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11
Q

What is orientation of the inferior articular process in the thoracic spine?

A

Anterior, Inferior, Medial (AIM)

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12
Q

What is orientation of the superior articular process in the thoracic spine?

A

Posterior, Superior, Lateral

PSL

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13
Q

What degree and on what Axis is also from the FRONTAL plane?

A

20 from Y axis

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14
Q

The IVD in the T-spine are comparatively think or thick?

A

THIN

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15
Q

What is the disc height to body height ratio in the T-spine?

A

1:5 (smallest spinal ratio)

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16
Q

Is the thoracic spine the most or least flexible ?

A

Least

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17
Q

Where is the nucleus located within the annulus ?

A

More centrally located that in other regions

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18
Q

What degree is a kyphotic curve less than?

A

55

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19
Q

What is the range and average of the thoracic kyphotic curve?

A

20-50, average of 45

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20
Q

What is the primary, structural curve

A

Kyphotic Thoracic curve

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21
Q

What maintains the thoracic curve?

A

Wedged shaped vertebral bodies, (2mm higher posteriorly

22
Q

The thoracic curve extends from what to what?

A

T1-T12

23
Q

What is the apex of the thoracic kyphotic curve ?

A

APEX

24
Q

Are alterations in kyphosis anatomical or postural?

A

Can be both

25
Q

Does a change in the primary thoracic curve likely mean there will be changes in the secondary curves as well?

A

Yes

26
Q

Alterations of the kyphotic curve is associated with chronic stretch of what?

A

The trapezius

27
Q

As thoracic kyphosis increase it crowds what?

A

Thoracic viscera

28
Q

What 2 conditions can result in increased thoracic kyphosis?

A

Osteoporosis and Scheuermann disease

29
Q

What is the most limited movement in the thoracic spine?

A

Extension

30
Q

What is the primary movement of the thoracic spine?

A

Lateral bending (coupled with axial rotation)

31
Q

How much more rotation and lateral bending is seen in the thoracic spine compared to flexion and extension ?

A

Twice as much

32
Q

Lateral bending in the thoracic spine is always coupled with what?

A

Axial rotation (0Y) (most apparent in the upper thoracic spine

33
Q

With lateral bend at T1-T4 where does the spinous process go?

A

Contralateral spine

34
Q

With lateral bend at T5-T8 where does the spinous process go?

A

Either side

35
Q

With lateral bend at T9-T12 where does the spinous process go?

A

Ipsilateral side

36
Q

In the walking study, what was the average degree of axial rotation in the thoracic spine?

A

6

37
Q

In the walking study where is the grease rotation observed?

A

Middle thoracics

38
Q

_____of the thoracic spine is greatly enhanced by the rib cage, especially________?

A

stiffness, extension

39
Q

The rib cage increases_____ stability X4

A

Y axis

40
Q

What joints connect the heads of the ribs to the vertebral body?

A

Costovertebal

41
Q

What joints connect the necks and tubercles of the ribs with the transverse process

A

Costotransvere

42
Q

What ribs connect to the sternum DIRECTLY via costocentral joints ?

A

1-7

43
Q

What ribs attach indirectly via shared costal cartilage ?

A

8-10

44
Q

What ribs are free floating ?

A

11 and 12

45
Q

What makes up the thoracocervial junction ?

A

c6-t3

46
Q

Are movements between c6 and T3 increased or decreased?

A

Decreased (but coupled movements are the same as for the typical cervical region

47
Q

What makes up the thoracolumbar junction?

A

T10-L1

48
Q

What is the most significant change in the thoracolumbar junction?

A

Coronal facet plane in the T spine to shag Gia like plane in the L spine (typically at T11-12)

49
Q

Posterior primary rami of the spinal roots of T12-L2 form what?

A

Cluneal nerves

50
Q

Maine believes up to ___% of chronic and acute back pain is caused by referred pain from the lowery thoracic spice into the lumbar or sacrum

A

60

Biomechanics (6 decks)

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