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Biomechanics > L-spine > Flashcards

L-spine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important characteristic of the lumbar spine?

A

Must bear tremendous loads created by body weight

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2
Q

In addition to bearing loads the lumbar spice is largely responsible for?

A

Trunk mobility

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3
Q

Inferior articular processes are ____and face______in the lumbar spine?

A

Convex and face anterolaterally

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4
Q

Superior articular processes are ______ and face________?

A

Concave, Posteromedially

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5
Q

What plane do lumbar faces lie in?

A

Sagittal

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6
Q

What rules motion?

A

Facets

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7
Q

Facet configuration limits What? And allows for greater mobility in what?

A

Rotational flexibility, flexion and extension

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8
Q

L1-l4 facets lie in what plane?

A

Sagittal

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9
Q

L1-L4 facets limit what?

A

Axial rotation (0Y)

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10
Q

L5=S1 facets lie in what plane ?

A

Coronal

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11
Q

L5-S1 facets limit what?

A

Post/ant shear (z translation)

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12
Q

Lumbar facets normally carry what perfect of axial load?

A

18 (33 in extension)

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13
Q

What is the primary movement in the lumbar spine?

A

Flexion/extension

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14
Q

What percent of TRUNK flex/ext occur in the lumbar spine?

A

75

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15
Q

What is limited by sagittal facet orientation in the lumbar spine?

A

Axial rotation (0Y)

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16
Q

Is there fore flexion or extension allowed in the lumbar spine?

A

Twice as much flexion

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17
Q

In the lumbar spine what way does the spinous process move during lateral bending coupled with axial rotation ?

A

Same side, (except it may switch at L4-L5)

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18
Q

In the lumbar spine where is the nucleus localized in the disc?

A

Posteriorly

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19
Q

Disc heigh to vertebral body height ratio in the lumbar spine is what?

A

1:3

20
Q

The 1:3 ratio of disc to body height in the lumbar spine gives the disc what?

A

Greater resistance to axial compressive forces

21
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L2

22
Q

The lumbar spinal canal constrains and protects the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord proximally _________and the_________distally

A

Conus medulairs, cauda equina

23
Q

In the lumbar spine nerve rooks exit the dura where?

A

Above the foraminal opening

24
Q

What ligaments define ROM and stabilize the dural sac

A

Hoffmann ligaments

25
Q

How does the spinal cord demonstrate flexibility?

A

Elastic deformation

26
Q

What is the average range for lumbar lordosis ?

A

20-60

27
Q

Where is the apex of the lumbar lordotic curve?

A

L3-4

28
Q

The lorditic curve starts to develop when?

A

9-12 months

29
Q

The lumnbar lordotic curve becomes established when/

A

Learn to stand (18 months)

30
Q

The sacral base angle will_____with an anterior pelvic tilt, relating in ______lubmar lordosis which places more weight bering responsibilities on the facets/

A

Increase, increase

31
Q

The sacral base angle will____with a posterior pelvic tilt, resulting on _____lumbar lordosis places more weight bearing responsibility on the_____?

A

Decrease, decrease, disc

32
Q

With a posterior pelvic tilt the spines ability to absorbed what kind of force is decreased?

A

Axial compression forces

33
Q

What muscle is the major stabilizer of the L-spine?

A

Quadratus lumborum

34
Q

What muscle is always active in the L-spine?

A

Quadratus lumborum

35
Q

During what movement is the QL least active?

A

Standing isometric twists

36
Q

During what is the QL most active?

A

Heavy lifts

37
Q

The ALL and PLL restrict what movement in the lumbar spine?

A

Excessive flexion/extension

38
Q

What is more developed in the lumbar spine? The ALL or PLL?

A

ALL

39
Q

What ligament is highly elastic and acts as a barrier to material that would encroach on the cord during ROM?

A

Ligamentum flavum

40
Q

The lumbodorsal fascia is attached to what?

A

Transverse abdominis, internal oblique and, LATS

41
Q

What ligament acts like a collateral ligament, controls vertebral rotation ?

A

Interspinous

42
Q

What ligament protects against posterior shear?

A

Interspinous

43
Q

What ligament provides resistance against excessive forward flexion?

A

Supraspinous

44
Q

What respects joint flexion, and restricts distraction of face surfaces during axial rotation?

A

Facet capsule

45
Q

What is the most likely cause of ligament damage?

A

Trauma

46
Q

What is the result of trauma to a ligament ?

A

Joint laxity, then degeneration

Biomechanics (6 decks)

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