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Diagnostic Imaging > T-spine > Flashcards

T-spine Flashcards

1
Q

What is found in the anterior column of the thoracolumbar region?

A
  • ALL

- Anterior 2/3rds of body

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2
Q

What is found in the middle column of the thoracolumbar region?

A
  • Posterior 1/3rd of body

- Posterior longitudinal ligament

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3
Q

What is found in the posterior column of thoracolumbar region?

A
  • Posterior ligaments

- Vertebral arches

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4
Q

What type of fracture in the thoracolumbar region is stable?

A

Through one column

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5
Q

How can a two column fracture through the thoracolumbar region be stable?

A
  • Depending on the extent of the fracture
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6
Q

What is required in a 3 column thoracolumbar fracture?

A
  • Internal fixation
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7
Q

What is the mechanism of a compression fracture in the thoracic spine?

A
  • Flexion force collapses the anterior vertebral body
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8
Q

What posture contributes to and is a result of compression fractures?

A
  • Kyphosis
  • Axial forces create flexion force
  • Crushed bodies create kyphotic posture
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9
Q

What shape do the vertebral bodies take on in a compression fracture?

A

Wedge shaped

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10
Q

How can a compression fracture be stable?

A
  • If the fracture is only through the anterior body
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11
Q

Who is most at risk for compression fractures?

A
  • Caucasian, post-menopausal women
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12
Q

What is the treatment for a compression fracture?

A
  • Cement injected into a painful fractured vertebral body

Vertebroblasty

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13
Q

How quickly do vertebroblasties provide pain relief and restoration of mobility?

A

Within 48 hours

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14
Q

What type of movement is prevented with a vertebroblasty?

A
  • Fracture movement
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15
Q

What is the success rate of vertebroblasty?

A

73 - 90 %

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16
Q

Does vertebroblasty correct vertebral deformities?

A

No, but it does prevent further collapse

17
Q

Through what structures is the needle passed through in a vertebroblasty?

A
  • Pedicle and vertebral body
18
Q

What is the difference between a kyphoplasty and a vertebroblasty?

A
  • Corrects deformity and relieves pain and restores mobility
19
Q

When must a kyphoplasty be performed?

A

When the fracture is acute.

20
Q

What is the procedure of a kyphoplasty?

A
  • Patient recumbent
  • Balloon inserted into vertebral body and inflated
  • Balloon removed, and cavity filled with bone cement
21
Q

What are the 3 scoliosis types?

A
  • Infantile
  • Juvenile
  • Adolescent
22
Q

At what age does infantile scoliosis occur?

A

< 3 yo

23
Q

How does infantile scoliosis resolve?

A

Spontaneously

24
Q

What age groups are affected by Juvenile scoliosis? What gender is more effected?

A
  • 3 - 10 yo

- Girls > Boys

25
Q

At what age does adolescent scoliosis occur?

A
  • 10 yo to skeletal maturity
26
Q

How more likely are girls to develop adolescent scoliosis than boys?

A

7Xs more.

27
Q

What event does adolescent scoliosis typically coincide with?

A
  • Growth spurts
28
Q

What type of scoliosis is at particular risk for progression?

A

Juvenile

29
Q

When does progression halt in adolescent scoliosis? What else ends here?

A
  • Ends at skeletal maturity

- Conservative treatment no longer affective

30
Q

How the curves of scoliosis named?

A

For the location and side of the apex as viewed clinically from behind.

31
Q

Can there be multiple apexes in a scoliotic spine?

A
  • Yes
32
Q

What is the Cobb angle?

A
  • Standard AP view with equalized leg lengths
  • Draw lines from the most tilted inferior and superior vertebraes
  • Drop perpendiculars off the lines, and measure the angle
33
Q

What is the measurement error in a Cobb angle?

A

< 10 degrees

34
Q

How is the Cobb Angle documented? (besides the degrees)

A

Which vertebrae were used to calculate

35
Q

What is the pedicle method of scoliosis measurement?

A
  • Drop a plumb line down the middle of the vertebrae

- Measure position of pedicles against the midline from 0 to 4+

36
Q

Where are the pedicles positioned in 0, 1+, 2+, 3+, and 4+?

A 
0: Normally
1+: Slightly off-center
2+: One pedicle almost obscured
3+: Pedicle at midline
4+: Pedicle past midline
37
Q

What 3 ways are the vertebrae deformed in scoliosis?

A
  • Wedge shaped body
  • Shorter pedicles and laminae on the concave side
  • Deformed spinous process
38
Q

What 2 ways are the ribs deformed in scoliosis?

A
  • Deformed on both sides

- Rotation causes rib hump on convex side

39
Q

How is scoliosis “corrected”?

A
  • Stretch concave

- Strengthen convex

Diagnostic Imaging (14 decks)

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