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L-spine Flashcards

1
Q

How should the entire lumbar spine be aligned in an AP view?

A

In the frontal plane

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2
Q

How should the pedicles present in an AP view of the lumbar spine?

A
  • Evenly
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3
Q

How should the SP present in an AP view of L-spine?

A
  • Evenly spaced

- In midline

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4
Q

What shape should the atricular processes make in the L-spine?

A

Butterfly

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5
Q

What feature of the vertebrae in the L-spine will be not be as apparent as in other parts of the spine?

A
  • Transverse processes
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6
Q

What shape should the lumbar bodies be in a lateral view?

A

Square

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7
Q

How can the disks be assessed in the lateral view?

A

Spaces between vertebrae

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8
Q

What related to the articular processes are easily visualied in the lateral view of the L-spine?

A
  • Intervertebral foramina
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9
Q

Which part of which vertebrae should align with the sacral base in a WB film?

A
  • Center of L3 over anterior 1/3 of sacral base.
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10
Q

What are the lines of alignment for the lumbar spine?

A
  • Anterior body
  • Posterior body
  • Posterior spinal canal
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11
Q

Which lumbar view demonstrates the scotty dog view?

A
  • Lumbar spine oblique
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12
Q

What 2 structures are easily visualized in the Scottie dog view of the lumbar spine?

A
  • Ipsilateral facet joints

- Pars interarticularis

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13
Q

What is the pedicle in the scotty dog?

A

The eye

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14
Q

What forms the feet of the scottie dog?

A
  • The inferior articular processes
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15
Q

What forms the nose of the scottie dog?

A
  • Transverse process
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16
Q

What forms the ears and tail of the scottie dog?

A

Superior articular processes

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17
Q

What forms the neck of the scotty dog?

A

The pars interarticularis

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18
Q

What forms the body of the scottie dog?

A

The lamina and spinous processes

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19
Q

What is a spondylolisis?

A

Degeneration of the facet joints

20
Q

What is a spondyloslisthesis?

A

Anterior or posterior displacements of one vertebra on another

21
Q

What causes a true spondylolisthesis?

22
Q

What causes a pseudospondylolisthesis?

A
  • Degeneration
23
Q

How is a spondylolisthesis differentiated from a pseudospondylolisthesis?

A
  • Spinous process sign
  • Fracture steps off at the level above
  • Degenerative steps off at the level below
24
Q

What are the grades of a spondylolisthesis?

A

1: 25 % overhang
2: 50 %
3: 75 %
4: 100 %
5: Vertebral body completely fallen off and displaced

25
What is a grade 5 spondylolisthesis called?
- Spondyloptosis
26
What does the lateral L5 - S1 visualize?
An enlarged view of the lumbosacral junction
27
What 3 things should be assessed in the L5 - S1 view?
- Lines of alignment - Disk space, osteophytes - Sacral tilt
28
What is a retrolithesis?
Backwards slip
29
What is an anterolithesis?
I think you know
30
What 3 things should be assessed in the SI joint AP axial view?
- R vs L symmetry - Smooth osseous margins - L5 - S1 segment
31
How are the R and L SI oblique views named?
For joint space visualized
32
How should the joint margins of the SI joint be assessed?
- Joint space width | - Signs of degeneration
33
What are 3 red flags for lumbar disk problems?
``` - Cauda equina syndrome (Loss of bowel/ bladder function) (Can also affect muscle strength and tone and DTR of knee and ankle) - Saddle anethesia - Worsening hard neuro signs ```
34
Besides red flags, why might you want to refer your patient out?
- Failed 6 week trial of best practice conservative therapy
35
What are "hard" neuro signs?
- Parathesias - Weakness - Deep tendon reflex - Ataxia
36
What percentage of asymptomatic patients have disk herniations?
20 - 25 %
37
What is the risk of imaging for a lumbar disk problem?
- False negatives | - Unnecessary surgeries
38
What is central lumbar stenosis?
Compression of spine in spinal canal; often from disk herniation
39
What is a Sacrolitiitis?
- Inflammation of synovial portions of the SI joint
40
How will Sacrolitiitis appear in imaging?
- Joint too wide at first due to swelling | - Then too narrow due to osteophytes
41
What is ankylosing spondylitis?
- Inflammatory arthridity that results in bony fusion across joints
42
What are symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis?
- Stiffness starting in SI/ low lumbar spine - Gradual spread to upper spine, extremity joints - Can include ribs
43
Where will ankylosing spondylitis cause postural changes besides the back?
- The hips and knees
44
What is the effect of ankylosing spondylitis of the thoracic spine?
- Decreased cardiac function
45
How is the severity and irritability of ankylosing spondylitis?
- Low severity | - Very high irritability

Diagnostic Imaging (14 decks)

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