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Diagnostic Imaging > L-spine > Flashcards

L-spine Flashcards

1
Q

How should the entire lumbar spine be aligned in an AP view?

A

In the frontal plane

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2
Q

How should the pedicles present in an AP view of the lumbar spine?

A
  • Evenly
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3
Q

How should the SP present in an AP view of L-spine?

A
  • Evenly spaced

- In midline

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4
Q

What shape should the atricular processes make in the L-spine?

A

Butterfly

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5
Q

What feature of the vertebrae in the L-spine will be not be as apparent as in other parts of the spine?

A
  • Transverse processes
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6
Q

What shape should the lumbar bodies be in a lateral view?

A

Square

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7
Q

How can the disks be assessed in the lateral view?

A

Spaces between vertebrae

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8
Q

What related to the articular processes are easily visualied in the lateral view of the L-spine?

A
  • Intervertebral foramina
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9
Q

Which part of which vertebrae should align with the sacral base in a WB film?

A
  • Center of L3 over anterior 1/3 of sacral base.
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10
Q

What are the lines of alignment for the lumbar spine?

A
  • Anterior body
  • Posterior body
  • Posterior spinal canal
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11
Q

Which lumbar view demonstrates the scotty dog view?

A
  • Lumbar spine oblique
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12
Q

What 2 structures are easily visualized in the Scottie dog view of the lumbar spine?

A
  • Ipsilateral facet joints

- Pars interarticularis

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13
Q

What is the pedicle in the scotty dog?

A

The eye

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14
Q

What forms the feet of the scottie dog?

A
  • The inferior articular processes
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15
Q

What forms the nose of the scottie dog?

A
  • Transverse process
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16
Q

What forms the ears and tail of the scottie dog?

A

Superior articular processes

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17
Q

What forms the neck of the scotty dog?

A

The pars interarticularis

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18
Q

What forms the body of the scottie dog?

A

The lamina and spinous processes

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19
Q

What is a spondylolisis?

A

Degeneration of the facet joints

20
Q

What is a spondyloslisthesis?

A

Anterior or posterior displacements of one vertebra on another

21
Q

What causes a true spondylolisthesis?

A
  • Fracture
22
Q

What causes a pseudospondylolisthesis?

A
  • Degeneration
23
Q

How is a spondylolisthesis differentiated from a pseudospondylolisthesis?

A
  • Spinous process sign
  • Fracture steps off at the level above
  • Degenerative steps off at the level below
24
Q

What are the grades of a spondylolisthesis?

A

1: 25 % overhang
2: 50 %
3: 75 %
4: 100 %
5: Vertebral body completely fallen off and displaced

25
Q

What is a grade 5 spondylolisthesis called?

A
  • Spondyloptosis
26
Q

What does the lateral L5 - S1 visualize?

A

An enlarged view of the lumbosacral junction

27
Q

What 3 things should be assessed in the L5 - S1 view?

A
  • Lines of alignment
  • Disk space, osteophytes
  • Sacral tilt
28
Q

What is a retrolithesis?

A

Backwards slip

29
Q

What is an anterolithesis?

A

I think you know

30
Q

What 3 things should be assessed in the SI joint AP axial view?

A
  • R vs L symmetry
  • Smooth osseous margins
  • L5 - S1 segment
31
Q

How are the R and L SI oblique views named?

A

For joint space visualized

32
Q

How should the joint margins of the SI joint be assessed?

A
  • Joint space width

- Signs of degeneration

33
Q

What are 3 red flags for lumbar disk problems?

A 
- Cauda equina syndrome
(Loss of bowel/ bladder function)
(Can also affect muscle strength and tone and DTR of knee and ankle)
- Saddle anethesia
- Worsening hard neuro signs
34
Q

Besides red flags, why might you want to refer your patient out?

A
  • Failed 6 week trial of best practice conservative therapy
35
Q

What are “hard” neuro signs?

A
  • Parathesias
  • Weakness
  • Deep tendon reflex
  • Ataxia
36
Q

What percentage of asymptomatic patients have disk herniations?

A

20 - 25 %

37
Q

What is the risk of imaging for a lumbar disk problem?

A
  • False negatives

- Unnecessary surgeries

38
Q

What is central lumbar stenosis?

A

Compression of spine in spinal canal; often from disk herniation

39
Q

What is a Sacrolitiitis?

A
  • Inflammation of synovial portions of the SI joint
40
Q

How will Sacrolitiitis appear in imaging?

A
  • Joint too wide at first due to swelling

- Then too narrow due to osteophytes

41
Q

What is ankylosing spondylitis?

A
  • Inflammatory arthridity that results in bony fusion across joints
42
Q

What are symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis?

A
  • Stiffness starting in SI/ low lumbar spine
  • Gradual spread to upper spine, extremity joints
  • Can include ribs
43
Q

Where will ankylosing spondylitis cause postural changes besides the back?

A
  • The hips and knees
44
Q

What is the effect of ankylosing spondylitis of the thoracic spine?

A
  • Decreased cardiac function
45
Q

How is the severity and irritability of ankylosing spondylitis?

A
  • Low severity

- Very high irritability

Diagnostic Imaging (14 decks)

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