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Diagnostic Imaging > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 things should be assessed when viewing the knee from an AP projection?

A
  • Patellar Apex at level of joint line
  • Joint space heights
  • Tibiofemoral alignment
  • Parallel to tibial plateau
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2
Q

Why is the medial femoral condyle magnified in a lateral view of the knee?

A
  • Farther from plate
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3
Q

How long should the patellar tendon be when viewing the knee from a lateral projection?

A
  • Equal to the length of the patella + or - 20 %
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4
Q

How should the intracondylar notch of the femur be shaped?

A
  • Like a U
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5
Q

What may be found within the joint as seen through the PA tunnel view of the knee?

A
  • Loose bodies

- Joint space narrowing

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6
Q

What is the sunrise view of the knee?

A

Tangential view of patella

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7
Q

What can be assessed using the joint space of the patella femoral joint?

A
  • Cartilage thickness
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8
Q

What are 3 measures of the sulcus and congruence of the patellafemoral joint?

A
  • Sulcus angle
  • Congruence Angle
  • Patellar Tilt
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9
Q

What is the sulcus angle? What is normal?

A
  • Lines formed between deepest point of groove and highest point of each femoral condyle
  • Normally 138 degrees + or - 6
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10
Q

What is the congruence angle? What is normal? What is a lateral sublux?

A
  • Line bisects sulcus angle
  • Line between apex of sulcus angle and most posterior point on the patella
  • Normally - 6 degrees
  • Lateral sublux: + 16 degrees
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11
Q

What is patellar tilt?

A
  • Line connecting medial and lateral edges of patella
  • Line a horizontal
  • Normal: < 5 degrees
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12
Q

What is the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of the patellar tilt measurement?

A

Spec: 92 %
Sens: 85 %
Accuracy: 89 %

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13
Q

In a fracture of the tibial plateau, although the actual fracture may be difficult to see, what is indicative of a fracture?

A
  • Abnormal fat and blood within capsule
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14
Q

How will a bucket handle tear appear on imaging?

A
  • Space in meniscus with surrounding tissue intact
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15
Q

How will a horizontal/ vertical meniscal tear appear on imaging?

A
  • Horizontal/ vertical line through dark meniscal space
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16
Q

On what imaging is an ACL best visualized?

A
  • T1 MRI
17
Q

What makes the a full visualization of the ACL difficult in a normal lateral view?

A
  • Medial course of ligament
18
Q

How should the ACL be shaped?

A
  • Ruler straight with a very slight convex shape inferiorly
19
Q

What is a Segond fracture? What is it associated with?

A
  • Fracture of lateral tibial plateau

- Internal derrangement of knee, most commonly the ACL

20
Q

What is the Blumensaat angle? What is normal/ abnormal? What is a normal angle?

A
  • Line running parallel to posterior surface of femur
  • Line running course of ACL
  • If the apex points superiorly, it is normal
  • If apex points inferiorly, it is abnormal
  • Normally - 13 degrees
21
Q

What is the anterior tibial line? What is normal?

A
  • View knee sagitally
  • Vertical line from posterior margin of tibia
  • Should not cut through posterior horn of lateral meniscus
22
Q

How will an acute torn ACL appear on MRI?

A
  • Hemmorrhage in intracondylar notch area

- Bone bruises often seen in T2

23
Q

What 3 secondary effects are usually needed to identify a chronic partial ACL tear?

A
  • Segond fracture
  • Bone bruise
  • Hemorrhage
24
Q

How are Blumensaat line angles shaped in a partial ACL tear?

A
  • Can be normal
25
Q

Since partial ACLs are difficult to visualize, what is the result?

A

False negative reports

26
Q

How is a normal PCL shaped?

A
  • Deep black structure from posterior tibia to the middle of the femur
27
Q

How can a torn PCL present on images?

A
  • Disrupted or enlarged in T1
28
Q

How is a torn MCL visualized?

A
  • Edema and joint effusion
29
Q

What other structures is the LCL associated with?

A
  • Arcuate ligament
  • Fabellofibular ligament
  • Popliteus tendon
  • Biceps femoris tendon
  • Conjoined tendon
30
Q

What should the patella be aligned with in an AP projection of the knee?

A
  • With the joint line
31
Q

What is the Pittsburgh knee rule?

A 
- History of blunt trauma
AND
< 12 yo
>50 yo
OR
Can't walk 4 WB steps
32
Q

Is the pittsburgh knee test sensitive or specific?

A

Sensitive

33
Q

What is the Ottawa knee rule?

A 
- History of trauma
AND
any of the following:
- Tenderness at fibular head
- Isolated tenderness of the patella
- Inability to flex knee 90 degrees
- Inability to walk 4 steps immediately AND in clinic

Diagnostic Imaging (14 decks)

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