t cells and cell mediated immunity

Question 1

What is the initial response to a infection called

Answer 1

Non specific

Question 2

What is an antigen

Answer 2

An antigen is any part of an organism or substance that is recognis as non-self (foreign by the immune system and stimulates an in response.

Question 3

What are lymphocyte

Answer 3

They are a specific immune response

Question 4

What are b lymphocytes (b cells) and what do they do

Answer 4

They mature in the bone marrow and are associated with humoral immunity And invoked antibodies that’s are already in the body

Question 5

What are t lymphocytes (t cells) and what do they do

Answer 5

They mature in the thymus gland and are associated with cell mediated immunity

Question 6

What is the cell mediated immunity Cell-mediated immunity

Answer 6

Lymphocytes respond to an organism’s own cells that have been infected by non-self material from a different species, for example a virus. They also respond to cells from other individuals of the same species.

Question 7

How does T cells respond to a infections by a pathogen

Answer 7

1
Pathogens invade body cells or are taken in by phagocytes.
2
2 The phagocyte places antigens from the pathogen on its cell.
surface membrane.
3 Receptors on a specific helper T cell (Ty cell) fit exactly onto these antigens.
4
This attachment activates the T cell to divide rapidly by mit form a clone of genetically identical cells.
5
The cloned T cells:
a develop into memory cells that enable a rapid response
future infections by the same pathogen
b stimulate phagocytes to engulf pathogens by phagocytc
c stimulate B cells to divide and secrete their antibody
d activate cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells).

Question 8

How cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells

Answer 8

They kill abnormal cells that are infected by pathogens by producing a protein called perforin that makes holes in the cell surface membrane