eukaryotic, prokaryotic, viruses and specialised cells

Question 1

What surrounds the nucleus

Answer 1

Nuclear enclose which is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Question 2

What are and what to nuclear pores do

Answer 2

Allow the passage of large molecules such RNA

Question 3

What is the nucleoplasm

Answer 3

Granular jelly like material that makes up the bulk of the cell

Question 4

What are the chromosomes

Answer 4

Consist of protein bound linear dna

Question 5

What is the nucleolus

Answer 5

Small spherical region within the nucleoplasm that manufacturers ribosomal RNA and assembles the ribosomes

Question 6

What are the functions of nucleus

Answer 6

Acts as the control centre of cell through the production of mRNA and tRNA
Retain genetic material of the cell in form of DNA
manufacture ribosomal RNA and ribosomes

Question 7

What surround the mitrocondria

Answer 7

Double membrane that controls the enters and exit of material

Question 8

What is the Cristae in mitrocondria

Answer 8

Extensions of the inner membrane

Question 9

What does the matrix do in mitochondria

Answer 9

Makes up the remainder of the mitochondrion it consists of protein lipids ribosomes and DNA

Question 10

What is the function of mitrocondria

Answer 10

Sites of aerobic respiration and responsible for the production of ATP

Question 11

What does chloroplast do

Answer 11

Carry’s out photosynthesis

Question 12

What is the chloroplast envoloope

Answer 12

Double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle

Question 13

What is the grana

Answer 13

Stacks of up to 100 disc like structures called thylakoids

Question 14

What is the stoma

Answer 14

Fluid filled matrix where the second stage of photosynthesis takes place

Question 15

What so the granal membrane

Answer 15

For the attachment of chlorophyll

Question 16

What is the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

3D system of sheet like membranes and it continues with the outer nuclear membrane

Question 17

What are the functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

Provides the a large surface area for the synthesis of Proteins and glycoproteins
Provides a pathway for the transport of materials especially proteins throughout the cell

Question 18

What’s are the functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 18

Synthesis store and transport lipids
Synthesis store and transport carbohydrates

Question 19

What is the Golgi apparatus and what does it do

Answer 19

Occurs in almost all eukaryotic cells and consists of stack of membranes that make up flattened stacks with small rounded hollow structures called vesicles. The Golgi modifies the proteins then are transported Golgi vesicles where they fuse within the membrane release their contents to the outside

Question 20

What is the function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 20

Add carbs to proteins to form glycoproteins
Produce secretory enzymes
Secrete carbs
Transport, modify and store lipids
Form lysosomes

Question 21

How are lysosomes formed

Answer 21

They are formed when the vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus contain enzymes such as proteases

Question 22

What are the functions do lysosomes

Answer 22

Hydrolyse material invested by phagocytic cells such as white blood cells
Releases enzymes to the outside of the cell
Digest worn out chemicals
Completely break down cells after they had died

Question 23

What are the two types of ribosomes

Answer 23

80s found in eukaryotic cells
70s found in prokaryotic cells

Question 24

What are the two subunits of ribosomes and what do they do

Answer 24

One large and one small which each contain ribosomal RNA and protein and they are the site of protein synthesis

Question 25

What did the cell wall consist of

Answer 25

Microfibrils of the polysaccharide cellulose embedded in a matrix
And have a thin layer called the middle lamella

Question 26

What is the function of the cell wall

Answer 26

Provide mechanical strength in order to prevent the cell under the pressure created by the osmotic entry of water
To allow water to pass along it and so contribute to the movement of water through the plant

Question 27

what is the vacuole

Answer 27

A fluid filled sac bounded by a single membrane may be termed a vacuole

Question 28

What is the function of the Vacuole

Answer 28

They support herbaceous tree pants
The sugars and amino acids may act as a temporary food store
The pigments may colour petals to attract pollinating insects

Question 29

What are specialised cells

Answer 29

Cells that are designed to carry out a specific type of role in the body

Question 30

What are the epithelial tissues

Answer 30

Are found in animals and consists of sheets of cells

Question 31

What are organs

Answer 31

Lots tissue together to make up an organ

Question 32

What is an organ system

Answer 32

Lord of organ together like the digestive system

Question 33

Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 33

Eukaryotic are larger and have a nucleus bounded by nuclear membranes (nuclear envelope)
Prokaryotic are smaller and have no nucleus or nuclear envelopes

Question 34

What so the structure of bacterial cell

Answer 34

Cell wall made up of murrein and decreases a capsule

Question 35

What is the structure of viruses

Answer 35

They are acellular non living particles and contain nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA and can only multiply inside the living host cell