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Immunology > T Cell Immunity > Flashcards

T Cell Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the Th1 response?

A

The Th1 subset enhances and amplifies cellular mediated immunity by activating macrophages and/or promoting cytotoxic responses by CD8 cells.

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2
Q

What is the function of the Th2 response?

A

The Th2 subset promotes optimal antibody production.

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3
Q

What is the function of the Th17 response?

A

Th17 subset promotes chronic inflammation

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4
Q

What is the function of the Treg response?

A

T regulator subset modulates or suppresses

immune responses

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5
Q

What transcription factor is expressed in Th1 cells?

A

T-Bet

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6
Q

What is the trigger for a TMMI?

A

TLR on a DC

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7
Q

What cytokines are upregulated in a TMMI as an immature DC becomes a mature DC?

A

IL-12 and IL-18 are upregulated

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8
Q

What is the function of IL-12?

A

Obligatory Th1 helper initiator

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9
Q

What surface proteins are unregulated in antigen-activated Th1 cells?

A

CD28 and CD40L

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10
Q

What cytokines are generated by the Th1 cell in order to propagate the TMMI response?

A

IL-2 and IFN-

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11
Q

What are the initiation steps of the Th1 response?

A
  • Pathogen binds the TLR on the DC
  • DC produces IL-12 and IL-18 and presents to Th0
  • Antigen is shown to the Th0 and along with the IL-12, this converts it to Th1
  • Produces IFN-
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12
Q

What is the function of IFN-

A

It is a powerful macrophage activator and is the signature cytokine of the Th1 helper reaction.

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13
Q

What is IL-21 and what is it produced by?

A

IL-21 is produced by IL-12 activated Th1 cells.

It functions as a potent promoter of CD8 killing activity.

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14
Q

What is IL-2?

A

Critical growth cytokine produced by activated Th1 and CD8

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15
Q

What cells are dependent on IL-2?

A

Treg

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16
Q

What is the function of the Th1 reaction?

A

Th1 helper activation was developed to provide an antigen specific, efficient way to recruit highly activated macrophages to a site of infection. With a small amount of Th1 cells, a large number of macrophages can be recruited.

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17
Q

What is the tetrad of macrophage produced cytokines?

A

IL-1
IL-6
IL-8
TNF-α

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18
Q

What is the function of IL-1?

A

Promotes neutrophil growth and migration from the bone marrow and it is pro-inflammatory.

Acts with IL-6 to induce fever.

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19
Q

What is the function of IL-6?

A

Cause of fever and other inflammation signs.

Stronge effect on the growth and differentiation of B cells.

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20
Q

What is the function of IL-8?

A

Is the most potent stimulus for mobilizing and recruiting neutrophils to the site of infection

21
Q

What is the function of TNF-α?

A

Key part of the inflammatory response and is a potent macrophage activator.

22
Q

What is delayed hypersensitivity?

A

Old term for TMMI

23
Q

What are the two paths of lymphocyte cytotoxic immunity?

A
  • Natural Killer Cells

- CD8 Cytotoxic T Cells

24
Q

Is there CD3 on NK cells?

A

No

25
Q

Which path of lymphocyte cytotoxic immunity is non-antigen specific?

A

NK Cells

26
Q

Are NK cells MHC restricted?

A

No

27
Q

Why do NK cells not attack RBCs?

A

RBCs lack the surface proteins necessary for recognition

28
Q

How is NK cytotoxicity turned off?

A

NK cell cytotoxicity is suppressed by killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIR) on their cell surface that recognize normal self MHC- Class 1 markers.

29
Q

How does NK cytotoxicity occur?

A

Altered or absent MHC Class I cannot stimulate inhibitory signal and if activating receptor is present then cytotoxicity will occur and it will kill the cell.

30
Q

What is another method that NK cytotoxicity can occur?

A

Recognition of cells bound with anitbody by

NK cells via the Fc receptors will lead to cello death

31
Q

Which path of lymphocyte cytotoxic immunity is antigen specific?

A

CD8 Cells

32
Q

What are the critical cytokines for CD8?

A

Critical initial cytokine signals are provided by activated NK cells that produce IL-21, IL-2 and IFN-

33
Q

What are the two signals necessary for the CD8 to become cytotoxic?

A
  • Antigen recognition

- IFN-

34
Q

What turns off CD8 cytotoxicity?

A

Activated CD8,in the absence of specific targets, activate their own death genes by Fas/FasL.

-90% die off and 10% become memory cells

35
Q

What transcription factor is found in Th2 cells?

A

GATA-3

36
Q

What is the dominant cytokine inducing the Th2 reaction?

A

IL-4

37
Q

When does a Th2 reaction occur?

A

– a Th1 TLR is not engaged and IL-12 not produced
– There are TLRs that induce DCs to produce IL-4 instead of IL-12
– when B cells present antigen

38
Q

What is the function of IL-4?

A

Il-4 initiates and is an absolute requirement for a Th2 reaction. IL-4 is the growth hormone of a Th2 reaction-its major source is the Th2 cell

39
Q

What is the function of IL-21 produced by the Th2 cell?

A

A potent B cell stimulator in the absence of IFN-

40
Q

What cytokines are the major drivers of B cell differentiation?

A

IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10

41
Q

What cytokines suppress Th1 reaction?

A

IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13

42
Q

What is the main transcription factor in Th17 cells?

A

ROR

43
Q

What is the main cytokine inducing Th17 cells?

A

IL-23

44
Q

What cytokines are produced in the Th17 reaction?

A

IL-6
TGF-β
IL-23 (Main one)

45
Q

What is the function of Il-17 that is produced in Th17 cells?

A

IL-17 is a potent recruiter of neutrophils

46
Q

What suppresses Th17 reactions?

A

IL-4

IFN-

47
Q

What is the main inducer of Treg reactions?

A

TGF-β

48
Q

What is the main transcription factor of Treg reactions?

A

FoxP3

Immunology (25 decks)

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