Manipulation of the Immune Response

Question 1

What is required for the creation of vaccines?

Answer 1

The mechanism of the disease must be known

Question 2

How is gene polymorphism important in immune responses?

Answer 2

MHC-antigen presentation dictates how the immune system responds

Question 3

What are the 3 mechanisms by which tumors are recognized?

Answer 3

• Mutant surface protein
• Overexpression of protein
• Modified proteins

Question 4

What does the survival of tumors indicate?

Answer 4

They cannot be recognized by the immune system or they have mechanisms to thwart the immune response against them

Question 5

What is the importance of CCL21?

Answer 5

It is secreted by tumors to converts cells into Tregs

Question 6

What is the only remaining defense once tumors thwart T cell responses?

Answer 6

NK cells

Question 7

What is PD-1?

Answer 7

Programmed death receptor that acts as an inhibitor of T cells distinct from CTLA-4

Question 8

What do some tumors display to interact with PD-1?

Answer 8

PDL-1 and 2

Question 9

What happens when PDL-1/2 engages PD-1?

Answer 9

The T cell is killed or paralyzed

Question 10

What is the function of immune checkpoint therapy?

Answer 10

Monoclonal Ab are used to block all T cell inhibitory signals to both CTLA-4 and PD-1 and PD-1 L to block the tumor’s defense