Integrated Immune Response Flashcards
What do TMMIs generally respond to?
Respond to intracellular pathogens
What cytokines trigger a Th1 response?
IL-12 and IL-18
What do Th1 cells make to trigger a TMMI?
IFN-gamma and IL-21
What is the function of the IFN-gamma and IL-21 production of Th1?
Recruits macrophages
What inflammatory cytokines do macrophages make?
IL-1
IL-6
IL-8
TNF-alpha
What is the function of cytotoxic responses?
When the infected cells are non-APCs then TMMI will not be effective so NK cells are used instead
What is the function of NK cells in cytotoxic responses?
They detect the MHC Class I receptors on non-APC cells and if it is absent or abnormal it will kill the cell
What are the two killing mechanism of NK cells?
Direct cytotoxicity
FcR via Ab directed cytotoxicity
What is the adaptive component of the cytotoxic response?
CD8 Cytotoxic T cells
What does the NK cell release to activate CD8 cells?
IFN-gamma
What is the function of the Th2 response?
Made to use B cells and antibodies to counter extracellular infections which are not readily phagocytosed
What activates the Th2 response?
Binding of Ag to a B cell TLR
What converts Th0 cells into Th2 cells?
IL-4 via an activated B cell
What is the function of IL-4?
It will be further produced by Th2 cells and it will aid with B cell proliferation
What is the function of Th17 immunity?
Th17 is involved in chronic responses and to
attract neutrophils for long periods of time and only occurs in response to specific organisms
Upon binding of a “IL-17” TLR, what cytokines will be made by the dendritic cell?
IL-6
IL-23
TGF-beta
What cytokines convert Th0 to Th17?
IL-6
IL-23
TGF-beta
What cytokine do Th17 cells produce?
IL-17
What cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen do Tregs express?
CTLA-4
What controls CTLA-4 expression?
FoxP3
When are Th0 converted to Tregs at peripheral sites?
Th0 cells are converted to Tregs at peripheral sites during ongoing immune reactions when local cytokine concentrations begin trending to TGF-beta and less IL-6.
What are Tregs dependent upon?
IL-2
What is the immune response to viral infection?
The immune system invokes all its strategies to combat viral infections
Describe the step by step immune viral reaction.
- Starts with NK cells as the first line of defense
- Short TMMI burst as a long one is dangerous to host
- CD8 and B cells are activated for specific targeting
