T cell activation

Question 1

catabolism of protein to peptides inside a host cell, some peptides bind to MHC molecules

Answer 1

processing

Question 2

peptide + MHC on surface of host cell interacts with TCR

Answer 2

presenting

Question 3

pathogens- harmless antigens are taken up by specialized APC

Answer 3

exogenous antigens

Question 4

come from inside a host cell, generally result from an infection

Answer 4

endogenous antigens

Question 5

difference btw. exo/endo -genous antigens

Answer 5

different MHC interactions

Question 6

MHC II pathway were antigen is taken up by acid vesicles and borken down to peptides

Answer 6

exogenous antigen

Question 7

newly synthesized MHC, from ER to golgi will intersect with the acid vesicle forming a

Answer 7

MHC II molecule

Question 8

antigen is catabolized in cytoplasm where peptides will be transported to the ER and associate with MHC I

Answer 8

endogenous pathway

Question 9

peptides to MHC I are generally _____ long

Answer 9

8-9

Question 10

MHC II peptides are generally _______ long

Answer 10

20-22

Question 11

influences the interaction between peptides and MHC class

Answer 11

gamma

Question 12

processed peptides will contain different properties leading to

Answer 12

peptide binding to MHC is selective

Question 13

one HLA groove

Answer 13

per molecule

Question 14

many peptides can bind to MHC?

Answer 14

yes, but only one at a time

Question 15

some HLA alleles are associated with autoimmune syndromes leading us to theorize that

Answer 15

certain pathological tendencies are a result from theses interactions

Question 16

antigen specific interaction, necessary but not sufficient

Answer 16

signal 1

Question 17

not antigen specific, invoked by co-stimulating pairs one on host and one on T cell

Answer 17

signal 2

Question 18

Costimulator Host:

B7

Answer 18

CD28

Question 19

Costimulator Host:

CD40

Answer 19

CD40 ligand

Question 20

key APC for the activation of naive T cells

Answer 20

Dendritic cell

Question 21

DC express _____ and high levels of

Answer 21

PRR and high levels of MHC II molecules

Question 22

immature properties, low resting levels of MHC II molecules and co-stimulators,

Answer 22

immature DC

Question 23

extended star quality, can now, leave the tissue and travel to the lymph node “homing property” MHC class II upregulated, B7 upregulated and cytokines production is available

Answer 23

Mature DC

Question 24

can be processed and presented to self- Tcells

Answer 24

self-proteins

Question 25

self can be processed but

Answer 25

it does not trigger T-cell activation

Question 26

required interaction of at least ____ hours for activation of T cell to occur

Answer 26

8 hr

Question 27

the intracellular pathway in T-cell activation build up signal transduction complex and activation of

Answer 27

tyrosine kinase

Question 28

necessary for T -cell activation

Answer 28

Zap70

Question 29

cyclosporen A what does it does? and what is the results

Answer 29

preventing transplant rejection by preventing T -cell activation

Question 30

stimulator needed for T -cell activation because if not present IL-2 is not sufficiently made

Answer 30

CD28

Question 31

synthesis of cytokines and cytokine receptor especially

Answer 31

IL-2 and IL-2R

Question 32

changes in expression of adhesion molecules leads to _____ leaves node, moves into tissues to combat pathogen

Answer 32

effector T cell

Question 33

are polyclonal activators

Answer 33

superantigens

Question 34

T cell turn off signals:

CTLA4

Answer 34

B7 (APC)

Question 35

T cell turn off signals:

PD1

Answer 35

PDL1 or PDL2

Question 36

type of interaction when turning off the t cell signal

Answer 36

negative interaction

Question 37

CTL4 competes with ___ for binding to B7

Answer 37

CD28

Question 38

interaction with B7 turns off activated T cell

Answer 38

CTLA-4

Question 39

expressed on “exhausted” (several rounds of replication, cell cant carry on) activated T cells, in chronic conditions such as cancer

Answer 39

PD1

Question 40

anti PD-1 or anti PDL1 blocks interaction between tumor cell and T cell

Answer 40

checkpoint therapy

Question 41

Key steps in processing an exogenous antigen in the MHC class II pathway

Answer 41

1. Antigen taken into acid vesicles
2. Broken into peptides
3. Peptides associate with newly synthesized MHC class II
4. MHC-peptide complex is presented on the surface

Question 42

Key steps in processing of an indigenous antigen MHC class I pathway

Answer 42

1. Antigen broken down in cytoplasm
2. Peptides transported to ER
3. Peptides associate with MHC class I
4. MHC peptide complex is presented on the surface

Question 43

Co stimulator pairs

Answer 43

B7 and CD 28 (to activate naive T -cell)

CD40 and CD40L (B-cell interaction with T-cells)

Question 44

Pathogens bind to the PRR _____ in immature DC cells to activate them

Answer 44

TLR4

Question 45

_______ are not processed and presented. They bind ______ the MHC class II peptide groove and crosslink ____ and _______

Answer 45

Superantigens are not processed and presented. They bind outside the MHC class II peptide groove and crosslink MHC II and TCR-beta

Question 46

Upon activation by super antigens there is a cytokine storm in which there is a huge production of ____. _____, and _____

Answer 46

IFN-gamma, IL-1, IL-6

Question 47

The cytokine storm can result in ______

Answer 47

Toxic shock syndrome

Question 48

CTLA-4 is induced _____ after activation

Answer 48

24 hrs

Question 49

CTLA-4 competes with _____ for binding to ______

Answer 49

competes with CD28 for binding in to B7

Question 50

PD-1 is expressed on ______ T-cells, after __________

Answer 50

PD-1 is expressed on exhausted T-cells, after multiple rounds of activation

Question 51

Example of checkpoint therapy

Answer 51

mAbs

Question 52

T-cell growth factor

Answer 52

IL-2