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Immunology > T cell activation #1 > Flashcards

T cell activation #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the principal functions of the following: TCR

A

recognition

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2
Q

What are the principal functions of the following: CD3,4,8,28

A

signal transduction

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3
Q

What are the principal functions of the following: Integrin

A

adhesion

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4
Q

What are costimulatory signals? What is the purpose?

A

They are additional signals which allow activation- enhance T cell proliferation

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5
Q

If T cell has TCR it binds to … on APC

A

MHC

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6
Q

If T cell has CD28 it binds to … on APC

A

B7

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7
Q

If T cell has CD40L it binds to … on APC

A

CD40

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8
Q

If T cell has ICOS it binds to … on APC

A

ICOSL

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9
Q

If T cell has OX40 it binds to … on APC

A

OX40L

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10
Q

If T cell has CTLA-4 it binds to … on APC

A

B7

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11
Q

If T cell has PD-1 it binds to … on APC

A

PD-L

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12
Q

What does adhesion molecules pairs do?

A

allow T cell + APC to act

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13
Q

What are the adhesion pairs (there are 3!)

A

o ICAM-1 –> LFA-1
o LFA-3 –> CD2
o LFA-1 –> ICAM-3

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14
Q

What pairings turns on T signal + turns it off?

A

On: B7 (APC) –> CD28 (T cell)
Off: B7 –> CTLA-4

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15
Q

What is clonal activation?

A
  1. APC + MHC interact with T cell + TCR
  2. In T cell - ILR alpha is made –> this makes IL-2R
  3. IL-2R has 3 domains
  4. T cell proliferation happens + clonal expansion
  5. they T cells move into homing tissues
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16
Q

What CD makes cytokine?

A

cd4+

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17
Q

What are the receptors on epithelium T cell need to bind to to do their function?

A
  • VLA-4 and CCR10
  • CCR9 and α4β7
  • CCR10 and cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)
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18
Q

Where is VLA-4 and CCR10 found?

A

tissues and site of inflammation

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19
Q

Where is CCR9 and α4β7 found?

A

mucosal nodes

20
Q

Where is CCR10 and cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) found?

A

skin

21
Q

What are killer T cells supposed to do?

A

graft rejection + kill tumor cell

22
Q

What is the cells killed by CTL called?

A

target cell

23
Q

T/F - T cells are released in periphery immature.

A

TRUE- they are released as pre-cytotoxic t cell

24
Q

What is cross presentation?

A

A way to activate CD8+
APC cell with virus –> dendritic cell phagocytose –> Dendritic cell presents this virus to T cell –> > T cells that attack this virus is formed

25
Q

How to activate CD4+ and CD8+ with dendritic cell (dc)?

A

DC –> bind to CD4/CD8 (depend on MHC) –> BOTH RELEASE IL2 (can happen separately or at the same time)

26
Q

How to activate naiive CD8+ with dendritic cell (dc)?

A

DC –> MHC 2 –> makes more CD40 + IL-12 –> Then activates naïve CD8+

27
Q

What is antigen specific killing?

A

attack antigen (release granzyme for spec antigen)

28
Q

What is cell contact killing?

A

sticking with cell

29
Q

What is sequential killing?

A

kill 1 target cell –> detach –> kills another –> detach etc

30
Q

Does CD8+ kill by inflammation?

A

no- only apoptosis

31
Q

What are the 2 ways CD8+ kills on it’s own?

A
  1. Granzymes –> are serine protease (Granulysin- a granzyme –kills intracellular bacteria: listeria + mycobacteria)
  2. FAS/FAS L –> Trimerization (2 domains from FAS + 1 from FAS L – they make 1 head) –> activates caspases –> apoptosis
32
Q

What is TH0 cell subset?

A
  • Earliest activated T cell or naïve T cells

* Differentiates into one of the T cell subsets

33
Q

What does TH1 release?

A

IFN GAMMA + IL 2

34
Q

What is the function of TH1?

A
  • Innate: Activate macrophage + NK –> kill bacteria
  • Virus: Cd8+ –> kill virus
  • Hypersensitivity: Delayed hypersensitivity
  • Remove bacteria: B cell makes IgG3 –> activate complement (remove bacteria)
  • Autoimmune: MS (multiple sclerosis) + RA (rheumatoid arthritis)
35
Q

What is the 2 function of TH2? and what do they need to release to do them?

A

IL4 + IL 13 –> B cell make IgE + IgG4
IL5 –>activate eosinophil

function together: they kill worm + parasites

36
Q

What does Th17 release?

A

IL17 + IL 22

37
Q

What cells does TH17 activate?

A

neutrophil + epithelial cell activation

38
Q

What is the function of TH17?

A

kill fungi + extracellular bacteria + autoinflammation (MS + RA + psoriasis)

39
Q

What is Treg? And what is needed to activate it?

A

activate: TGF beta
function: suppress T cell + APC + b cell

40
Q

What is induced + natural Tregs?

A
  • Induced T regs (iTregs) develop in the periphery

* Natural T regs (nTregs) develop in thymus and are auto-reactive

41
Q

What is TFH? The TF needed? What does it secrete? What is it’s receptor?

A

helps B cell in secondary lymphoid organs
• TF: Bcl6
• Secrete: IL- 21
• Receptor: CXCR5

42
Q

What is Th9 made by? what it secretes? What does it cause?

A
  • Made by: IL4 + TGF beta
  • Secrete: IL 9
  • Causes: chronic inflammation (asthma + autoimmune)
43
Q

What does Th22 secrete?

A

IL-22

44
Q

What is a memory T cell?

A

it remembers an infection encountered before

45
Q

Where is memory T cell found? Where does it circulate?

A
  • Found in: skin + mucosa (most important)

* Central memory cells circulate in: peripheral lymph node

Immunology (8 decks)

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