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Immunology > antigen + antibody > Flashcards

antigen + antibody Flashcards

1
Q

What is an antigen?

A

protein that reacts with the products of the immune system

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2
Q

What is an Immunogen?

A

anything that induces a specific immune response

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3
Q

What is an Hapten?

A

a non-immunogenic molecule that reacts with the products of the immune system

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4
Q

What is an Epitope/antigenic determinant?

A

portion of the immunogen to which the immune response is directed

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5
Q

How does binding happen at epitope?

A

lock and key

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6
Q

How does foreignness effect immunogenicity?

A

The more foreign the component the more immunogenic it is

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7
Q

How does size effect immunogenicity?

A

The bigger the more immunogenic

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8
Q

How does chemcial composition effect immunogenicity?

A

The more complex the better immunogen

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9
Q

How does degradability effect immunogenicity?

A

< immunogenic

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10
Q

How does denaturing effect immunogenicity?

A

The more degradable the better immunogen

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11
Q

If an immunogen is a protein does it make it a good immunogen?

A

yes

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12
Q

If an immunogen is a lipid does it make it a good immunogen?

A

no

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13
Q

If an immunogen is a lipopolysaccharide/ polysaccharide does it make it a good immunogen?

A

yes

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14
Q

Which antigen- T independent/ t dependent is: resistant to degradation?

A

t independent

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15
Q

Which antigen- T independent/ t dependent: requires T cell to activate B cell?

A

t dependent

T independent activates it on its own

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16
Q

What are t independent and t dependent made of?

A

T independent: polysaccharide

T dependent: proteins

17
Q

Does the T independent have memory?

A

no

18
Q

Which antigen- T independent/ t dependent has: SAME / DIFFERENT antigenic determinants among surface?

A

T independent: same

T dependent: different

19
Q

Is hapten carrier conjugate immunogenic?

A

no

20
Q

How is hapten carrier conjugate formed?

A

Covalent bond between hapten and carrier protein

21
Q

Clinically what is hapten carrier conjugate used for?

A

vaccination

22
Q

What is an example of hapten carrier conjugate?

A

urushiol (found in poison ivy) –> become quinone (hapten) and bind to skin proteins (carrier) –> Type IV hypersensitivity reaction

23
Q

What does a super antigen activate?

A

T cells –> hyper-activate immune system

24
Q

Does a super antigen need to be degraded?

A

no

25
Q

What is the chemical nature of immunoglobulins?

A

Glycoproteins

26
Q

What is the makes immunoglobulins?

A

plasma cells

27
Q

What is the function of immunoglobulins?

A

Function as antibodies –> bind antigen (stop spread) + activate cells

28
Q

What are the chains bonding of immunoglobulin?

A

disulfide bond

29
Q

What heavy chain type do these immunoglobulins have:IgD, IgA, IgM, IgG?

A

IgD: delta
IgA: alpha
IgM: mui
IgG: gamma

30
Q

What are the two light chains?

A

kappa + lambda

31
Q

IgG: shape, function?, complement fixing?, opsonin? can it bind to cell? + whats good about it?

A

shape: monomer
function: all function + cross placenta
complement fixing!
opsonin: yes
Can bind to cell FC
Whats good about it: all functions done

32
Q

IgG: which IgG is not good at crossing placenta and which is not complement fixing and which cant bind to cell?

A

Cant cross placenta: IgG2
not complement fixing: IgG4
Cant bind to cell: IgG2 + IgG4

33
Q

IgM: shape? valence? role? when is it first made? complement fixing? good at agglutinating? can it bind to cell?

A

shape: pentamer
valence: 10
role: Ag on B cell
when is it first made: fetus
complement fixing: yes
good at agglutinating: yes
can it bind to cell: via FC

34
Q

What does it mean if IgM is > than 20 ng/dL?

A

in-utero infection

35
Q

What is needed to form pentamer in IgM?

A

J-chain

36
Q

IgA: shape? valence? role? made by? complement fixing? found in?

A

shape: dimer
valence: 4
role: secretion- mucosal immunity
made by: epithelial
complement fixing: no
found in: breast milk

37
Q

What is needed to form dimer in IgA?

A

J-chain

38
Q

IgE: shape? do we have a lot? role? binds to? complement fixing?

A

shape: monomer
do we have a lot: no
role: parasitic + hypersensitive reaction
bind to: mast cell + eosinphil –> degranulate + activate
complement fixing: no

39
Q

IgD: shape? What makes it LOOK special? do we have a lot? binds to? complement fixing?

A 
shape: monomer
What makes it look special: has extra tail piece
do we have a lot: no
bind to: B cell surface
complement fixing: no

Immunology (8 decks)

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