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Applied Cardiovascular > Systolic and Diastolic Function > Flashcards

Systolic and Diastolic Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pressure in the right atrium?

A

0-5

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2
Q

What is the pressure in the right ventricle?

A

25/5

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3
Q

What is the pressure in the pulmonary artery?

A

25/10

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4
Q

What is the mean pressure in the pulmonary artery?

A

16

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5
Q

What is the pressure in the left atrium?

A

8-10

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6
Q

What is the pressure in the left ventricle?

A

120/10

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7
Q

What is the pressure in the aorta?

A

120/80

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8
Q

What is the oxygen saturation in the right atrium?

A

75%

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9
Q

What is the oxygen saturation in the right ventricle?

A

75%

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10
Q

What is the oxygen saturation in the pulmonary artery?

A

75%

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11
Q

What is the oxygen saturation in the left atrium?

A

98%

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12
Q

What is the oxygen saturation in the left ventricle?

A

98%

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13
Q

What is the oxygen saturation in the systemic arterial?

A

98%

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14
Q

What is the oxygen saturation in the coronary sinus?

A

60%

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15
Q

What is the normal MV orifice?

A

4–6 cm^2

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16
Q

What is the normal MV velocity?

A

0.6–1.3 m/sec

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17
Q

What is the normal TV orifice?

A

7–9 cm^2

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18
Q

What is the normal TV velocity?

A

0.3–0.7 m/sec

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19
Q

What is the normal PV orifice?

A

> 2.0 cm^2

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20
Q

What is the normal TV velocity?

A

0.6–0.9 m/sec

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21
Q

What is the normal AV orIfice?

A

> 2.0 cm^2

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22
Q

What is the normal AV velocity?

A

1.0–1.7 m/sec

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23
Q

1st heart sound (S1) = closure of the ____ and ____.

A

MV and TV

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24
Q

The 1st heart sound marks the beginning of ____ ____ when the ventricles are getting ready to squeeze, which is ventricular systole.

A

Isovolumic contraction

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25
Q

2nd heart sound (S2) = closure of the ____ and ____

A

AV and PV

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26
Q

The 2nd heart sound marks the beginning of ____ ____

A

Isovolumic relaxation

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27
Q

Which heart sound has a higher and shorter pitch?

A

S2

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28
Q

3rd heart sound (S3) = ____ ____ ____

A

Early ventricular inflow

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29
Q

S3 refers to the vibration of the ventricular walls during ____ ____ ____ in early diastole

A

Rapid passive filling

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30
Q

4th heart sound (S4) = ____ ____

A

Atrial contraction

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31
Q

S4 is normally a soft, low-pitched sound caused by vibration of the valves, supporting structure, and ventricular walls during the ____ phase of ____ ____ ____ in late diastole.

A

Second; Rapid ventricular filling

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32
Q

What is diastole?

A

Period of relaxation; Ventricles filling

33
Q

What is isovolumic contraction?

A

Volume constant; Ventricular pressure rising

34
Q

What is systole?

A

Period of contraction; Ventricular ejection

35
Q

What is isovolumic relaxation?

A

Volume constant; Ventricular pressure dropping; Atrial pressure rising

36
Q

During diastole, AV valves are ____ and SL valves are ____.

A

AV valves - open; SL valves - closed

37
Q

During isovolumic contraction, AV valves are ____ and SL valves are ____.

A

AV valves - closed; SL valves - closed

38
Q

During systole, AV valves are ____ and SL valves are ____.

A

AV valves - closed; SL valves - open

39
Q

During isovolumic relaxation, AV valves are ____ and SL valves are ____.

A

AV valves - closed; SL valves - closed

40
Q

Systole occurs once the ____ pressure exceeds the pressure within the ____ and ____ ____

A

Ventricular; Aorta and pulmonary artery

41
Q

During what phase does the the semilunar valves open and the blood get ejected into the aorta and pulmonary artery?

42
Q

The ____ and ____ are closed during systole so the blood will not travel from the ventricles back into the atria

43
Q

Stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood ejected with each heart ____.

44
Q

The ability to increase the CO is dependent upon:

A

Preload, LV end diastolic pressure, and Frank-Starling Principle

45
Q

What is preload?

A

The volume or pressure that exists in the ventricles at end-diastole

46
Q

An increase in preload will lead to an increase in cardiac ____ and an increase in cardiac ____

A

Contraction; performance

47
Q

What is afterload?

A

The resistance that the heart must pump against

48
Q

In afterload, the higher the ____, the greater the contractility of the ventricles

A

Resistance

49
Q

What is inotropic force?

A

Contractility of heart muscle, or the force of contraction

50
Q

What is chronotropic force?

A

Heart rate, or the rate of contraction.

51
Q

How do we access systolic function with m-mode?

A

Tiecholtz to find EF

52
Q

How do we access systolic function with doppleer?

A

Stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac index

53
Q

Using Simpson’s, we trace the internal dimensions of the ____during both systole and diastole and plug them into a formula that uses volume to determine an EF

54
Q

Simpson’s accesses ____.

A

Volume quantification

55
Q

How can you visually access systolic function?

A

hyperkinetic, hypokinietic, and akinetic

56
Q

If a segment bulges outward during systole instead of inward it, is considered ____.

A

Dyskinetic

57
Q

If there is no movement, it is ____.

58
Q

What is TAPSE?

A

Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion

M-mode measurement

59
Q

What is TAV?

A

Tricuspid Annular Velocity

TDI measurement

60
Q

What is a normal TAPSE value?

61
Q

What is a normal TAV value?

A

> 10 cm/sec

62
Q

During ____, the LV is relaxing so there is room for the blood from the LA

63
Q

During diastole, pressure in the ____ is lower than the ____ so the aortic valve is able to remain closed

64
Q

During diastole, the amount of “stretch” allowed by the cells eventually reaches a maximum level or pressure. This pressure then begins to equal the pressure within the LA, causing the ____ to close

A

Mitral valve

65
Q

Isovolumic ____ is when all valves are closed and pressure is increasing in the LV

A

Contraction

66
Q

A “stiff” ventricle has decreased compliance so there is ____ diastolic pressure

67
Q

We use ____ ____ ____ to measure an E point, A point and deceleration time

A

Pulse wave doppler

68
Q

E point, A point and deceleration time measures _____ function

69
Q

Normally, the ____ point is higher than the ____ point

70
Q

As problems arise, the ____ point will initially decrease and the ____ point will rise

71
Q

As diastolic function worsens, the E point will reverse back to a ____ velocity than the A wave

72
Q

The ____ point is called rapid filling and occurs when the MV first opens

73
Q

The deceleration slope we measure is the length of ____ ____. The longer the slope the more the ventricle is relaxing to accept the blood from the LA

A

Rapid filling

74
Q

The normal time for a deceleration slope is ____.

A

160–240 ms

75
Q

The ____ point is called reduced filling and occurs at the time of the atrial kick or the P wave on the EKG cycle

76
Q

The E/A ratio is usually between ____ and ____

77
Q

Evaluation of the pulmonary venous flow can also be used to evaluate the ____ function of the LV

78
Q

Normally, the Doppler patterns exhibit a ____ systolic and diastolic component and a ____ atrial component

A

Forward; reversed

79
Q

Normal doppler patterns may change in patients with ____ ____.

A

diastolic dysfunction

Applied Cardiovascular (12 decks)

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