Systolic and Diastolic Function Flashcards
1
Q
What is the pressure in the right atrium?
A
0-5
2
Q
What is the pressure in the right ventricle?
A
25/5
3
Q
What is the pressure in the pulmonary artery?
A
25/10
4
Q
What is the mean pressure in the pulmonary artery?
A
16
5
Q
What is the pressure in the left atrium?
A
8-10
6
Q
What is the pressure in the left ventricle?
A
120/10
7
Q
What is the pressure in the aorta?
A
120/80
8
Q
What is the oxygen saturation in the right atrium?
A
75%
9
Q
What is the oxygen saturation in the right ventricle?
A
75%
10
Q
What is the oxygen saturation in the pulmonary artery?
A
75%
11
Q
What is the oxygen saturation in the left atrium?
A
98%
12
Q
What is the oxygen saturation in the left ventricle?
A
98%
13
Q
What is the oxygen saturation in the systemic arterial?
A
98%
14
Q
What is the oxygen saturation in the coronary sinus?
A
60%
15
Q
What is the normal MV orifice?
A
4–6 cm^2
16
Q
What is the normal MV velocity?
A
0.6–1.3 m/sec
17
Q
What is the normal TV orifice?
A
7–9 cm^2
18
Q
What is the normal TV velocity?
A
0.3–0.7 m/sec
19
Q
What is the normal PV orifice?
A
> 2.0 cm^2
20
Q
What is the normal TV velocity?
A
0.6–0.9 m/sec
21
Q
What is the normal AV orIfice?
A
> 2.0 cm^2
22
Q
What is the normal AV velocity?
A
1.0–1.7 m/sec
23
Q
1st heart sound (S1) = closure of the ____ and ____.
A
MV and TV
24
Q
The 1st heart sound marks the beginning of ____ ____ when the ventricles are getting ready to squeeze, which is ventricular systole.
A
Isovolumic contraction
25
2nd heart sound (S2) = closure of the ____ and ____
AV and PV
26
The 2nd heart sound marks the beginning of ____ ____
Isovolumic relaxation
27
Which heart sound has a higher and shorter pitch?
S2
28
3rd heart sound (S3) = ____ ____ ____
Early ventricular inflow
29
S3 refers to the vibration of the ventricular walls during ____ ____ ____ in early diastole
Rapid passive filling
30
4th heart sound (S4) = ____ ____
Atrial contraction
31
S4 is normally a soft, low-pitched sound caused by vibration of the valves, supporting structure, and ventricular walls during the ____ phase of ____ ____ ____ in late diastole.
Second; Rapid ventricular filling
32
What is diastole?
Period of relaxation; Ventricles filling
33
What is isovolumic contraction?
Volume constant; Ventricular pressure rising
34
What is systole?
Period of contraction; Ventricular ejection
35
What is isovolumic relaxation?
Volume constant; Ventricular pressure dropping; Atrial pressure rising
36
During diastole, AV valves are ____ and SL valves are ____.
AV valves - open; SL valves - closed
37
During isovolumic contraction, AV valves are ____ and SL valves are ____.
AV valves - closed; SL valves - closed
38
During systole, AV valves are ____ and SL valves are ____.
AV valves - closed; SL valves - open
39
During isovolumic relaxation, AV valves are ____ and SL valves are ____.
AV valves - closed; SL valves - closed
40
Systole occurs once the ____ pressure exceeds the pressure within the ____ and ____ ____
Ventricular; Aorta and pulmonary artery
41
During what phase does the the semilunar valves open and the blood get ejected into the aorta and pulmonary artery?
Systole
42
The ____ and ____ are closed during systole so the blood will not travel from the ventricles back into the atria
MV and TV
43
Stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood ejected with each heart ____.
Beat
44
The ability to increase the CO is dependent upon:
Preload, LV end diastolic pressure, and Frank-Starling Principle
45
What is preload?
The volume or pressure that exists in the ventricles at end-diastole
46
An increase in preload will lead to an increase in cardiac ____ and an increase in cardiac ____
Contraction; performance
47
What is afterload?
The resistance that the heart must pump against
48
In afterload, the higher the ____, the greater the contractility of the ventricles
Resistance
49
What is inotropic force?
Contractility of heart muscle, or the force of contraction
50
What is chronotropic force?
Heart rate, or the rate of contraction.
51
How do we access systolic function with m-mode?
Tiecholtz to find EF
52
How do we access systolic function with doppleer?
Stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac index
53
Using Simpson's, we trace the internal dimensions of the ____during both systole and diastole and plug them into a formula that uses volume to determine an EF
LV
54
Simpson's accesses ____.
Volume quantification
55
How can you visually access systolic function?
hyperkinetic, hypokinietic, and akinetic
56
If a segment bulges outward during systole instead of inward it, is considered ____.
Dyskinetic
57
If there is no movement, it is ____.
Akinetic
58
What is TAPSE?
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion
M-mode measurement
59
What is TAV?
Tricuspid Annular Velocity
TDI measurement
60
What is a normal TAPSE value?
>16 mm
61
What is a normal TAV value?
>10 cm/sec
62
During ____, the LV is relaxing so there is room for the blood from the LA
Diastole
63
During diastole, pressure in the ____ is lower than the ____ so the aortic valve is able to remain closed
LV; Aorta
64
During diastole, the amount of “stretch” allowed by the cells eventually reaches a maximum level or pressure. This pressure then begins to equal the pressure within the LA, causing the ____ to close
Mitral valve
65
Isovolumic ____ is when all valves are closed and pressure is increasing in the LV
Contraction
66
A “stiff” ventricle has decreased compliance so there is ____ diastolic pressure
Higher
67
We use ____ ____ ____ to measure an E point, A point and deceleration time
Pulse wave doppler
68
E point, A point and deceleration time measures _____ function
Diastolic
69
Normally, the ____ point is higher than the ____ point
E; A
70
As problems arise, the ____ point will initially decrease and the ____ point will rise
E; A
71
As diastolic function worsens, the E point will reverse back to a ____ velocity than the A wave
Higher
72
The ____ point is called rapid filling and occurs when the MV first opens
E
73
The deceleration slope we measure is the length of ____ ____. The longer the slope the more the ventricle is relaxing to accept the blood from the LA
Rapid filling
74
The normal time for a deceleration slope is ____.
160–240 ms
75
The ____ point is called reduced filling and occurs at the time of the atrial kick or the P wave on the EKG cycle
A
76
The E/A ratio is usually between ____ and ____
1 and 2
77
Evaluation of the pulmonary venous flow can also be used to evaluate the ____ function of the LV
Diastolic
78
Normally, the Doppler patterns exhibit a ____ systolic and diastolic component and a ____ atrial component
Forward; reversed
79
Normal doppler patterns may change in patients with ____ ____.
diastolic dysfunction
