Hemodynamics Student Review

Question 1

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat is called:

Answer 1

Stroke volume

Question 2

What is the normal range for stroke volume?

Answer 2

70-100 cc

Question 3

What is the formula used for calculating stroke volume?

Answer 3

LVOTd^2 x 0.785 x LVOT^TVI

Question 4

The equation that relates the pressure drop across an area of narrowing is:

Answer 4

Bernoulli equation

Question 5

Which of the following vessels conducts deoxygenated blood from the peripheral tissues to the heart?

Answer 5

Veins

Question 6

The simplified Bernoulli equation disregards all of the following factors:

Answer 6

• Flow acceleration
• Proximal velocity
• Viscous friction

Question 7

The number that may be used to predict when turbulent flow will occur is:

Answer 7

Reynolds

Question 8

True or False: The factors that affect flow volume (Q) include pressure gradient, tube radius, tube length, and fluid viscosity

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False: According to Poiseuille’s Law, flow volume varies directly with the pressure gradient

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or False: According to Poiseuille’s Law, flow volume varies inversely with tube length

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False: A change in tube radius will have the greatest effect on overall flow resistance

Answer 11

True

Question 12

True or False: As the pressure gradient decreases, flow volume decreases

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or False: As fluid viscosity increases, flow volume increases

Answer 13

False

Question 14

True or False: As tube length increases, flow volume increases

Answer 14

False

Question 15

A maximum velocity of 2 m/sec is obtained in a patient with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis. The peak instantaneous pressure gradient is:

Answer 15

16 mmHg

Question 16

The formula used to calculate cardiac output by Doppler is:

Answer 16

SV x HR

Question 17

A maximum velocity of 5 m/sec is obtained across a stenotic aortic valve. The max. peak instantaneous gradient is:

Answer 17

100 mmHg

Question 18

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute is called:

Answer 18

Cardiac Output

Question 19

Normal range for cardiac output is:

Answer 19

4-8 L/min

Question 20

Normal range for cardiac index is:

Answer 20

2.4-4.2 L/min/m^2

Question 21

The formula used to calculate the cardiac index is:

Answer 21

CO ÷ BSA

Question 22

The type of flow where all velocities are equal at all radical distances from the center of the tube is:

Answer 22

Plug

Question 23

Which of the following vessels collect deoxygenated blood from the capillaries?

Answer 23

Venules

Question 24

What is the average pressure in the left atrium?

Answer 24

10 mmHg

Question 25

True or False: Inlet, parabolic, and disturbed flow are all types of laminar flow

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Flow in which fluid layers slide over each other in a smooth, orderly manner is:

Answer 26

Laminar

Question 27

The type of flow that may develop at an area of stenosis is:

Answer 27

Disturbed

Question 28

Type of flow where blood cells closest to the wall of vessel move slower than the ones in the center is

Answer 28

Parabolic

Question 29

Which of the following begins with the end of the T wave and ends with the onset of the QRS on EKG?

Answer 29

Ventricular diastole

Question 30

Atrial systole is considered part of :

Answer 30

Late ventricular diastole

Question 31

What percentage does atrial systole normally contribute to ventricular diastolic filling?

Answer 31

30%

Question 32

True of False: There will be an increase in potential energy with an increase in kinetic energy at the site of an obstruction

Answer 32

False

Question 33

The period of time between atrioventricular valve closure and semilunar valve opening is:

Answer 33

Isovolumic contraction

Question 34

Which component of the EKG tracing represents ventricular systole?

Answer 34

QRS complex to T wave

Question 35

During IVCT, the ventricular pressure is _______ and the ventricular volume is _______.

Answer 35

Increased; no change

Question 36

Which of the arteries act as control valves through which blood is metered into the capillaries?

Answer 36

Arterioles

Question 37

Atrial systole begins with the onset of ____ on EKG?

Answer 37

P-wave

Question 38

What percentage does rapid, early diastolic filling contribute to ventricular diastolic filling?

Answer 38

70%

Question 39

True or False: During IVRT, the ventricular pressures increase while the ventricular volumes remain unchanged

Answer 39

False

Question 40

The units for stroke volume are

Answer 40

Cubic centimeters

Question 41

Which of the arteries conducts blood from the aorta to the various organs of the body?

Answer 41

Peripheral arteries

Question 42

Inlet flow is also called:

Answer 42

Plug

Question 43

The average blood pressure in the aorta is ____.

Answer 43

100 mmHg

Question 44

As the blood flows from the aorta to the arteries and arterioles, the pressure decreases to ____.

Answer 44

45 mmHg

Question 45

What is the blood pressure in the capillaries?

Answer 45

10 mmHg

Question 46

We use the modified Bernoulli‘s equation when V1 is ____.

Answer 46

> 1.2 m/s

Question 47

We use the simplified Bernoulli‘s equation when V1 is ____.

Answer 47

< or = 1.2 m/s

Question 48

What is the pressure in the left ventricle?

Answer 48

120 mmHg