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Applied Cardiovascular > Hemodynamics Student Review > Flashcards

Hemodynamics Student Review Flashcards

1
Q

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat is called:

A

Stroke volume

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2
Q

What is the normal range for stroke volume?

A

70-100 cc

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3
Q

What is the formula used for calculating stroke volume?

A

LVOTd^2 x 0.785 x LVOT^TVI

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4
Q

The equation that relates the pressure drop across an area of narrowing is:

A

Bernoulli equation

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5
Q

Which of the following vessels conducts deoxygenated blood from the peripheral tissues to the heart?

A

Veins

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6
Q

The simplified Bernoulli equation disregards all of the following factors:

A
  • Flow acceleration
  • Proximal velocity
  • Viscous friction
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7
Q

The number that may be used to predict when turbulent flow will occur is:

A

Reynolds

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8
Q

True or False: The factors that affect flow volume (Q) include pressure gradient, tube radius, tube length, and fluid viscosity

A

True

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9
Q

True or False: According to Poiseuille’s Law, flow volume varies directly with the pressure gradient

A

True

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10
Q

True or False: According to Poiseuille’s Law, flow volume varies inversely with tube length

A

True

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11
Q

True or False: A change in tube radius will have the greatest effect on overall flow resistance

A

True

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12
Q

True or False: As the pressure gradient decreases, flow volume decreases

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: As fluid viscosity increases, flow volume increases

A

False

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14
Q

True or False: As tube length increases, flow volume increases

A

False

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15
Q

A maximum velocity of 2 m/sec is obtained in a patient with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis. The peak instantaneous pressure gradient is:

A

16 mmHg

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16
Q

The formula used to calculate cardiac output by Doppler is:

A

SV x HR

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17
Q

A maximum velocity of 5 m/sec is obtained across a stenotic aortic valve. The max. peak instantaneous gradient is:

A

100 mmHg

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18
Q

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute is called:

A

Cardiac Output

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19
Q

Normal range for cardiac output is:

A

4-8 L/min

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20
Q

Normal range for cardiac index is:

A

2.4-4.2 L/min/m^2

21
Q

The formula used to calculate the cardiac index is:

A

CO ÷ BSA

22
Q

The type of flow where all velocities are equal at all radical distances from the center of the tube is:

A

Plug

23
Q

Which of the following vessels collect deoxygenated blood from the capillaries?

A

Venules

24
Q

What is the average pressure in the left atrium?

A

10 mmHg

25
Q

True or False: Inlet, parabolic, and disturbed flow are all types of laminar flow

A

False

26
Q

Flow in which fluid layers slide over each other in a smooth, orderly manner is:

A

Laminar

27
Q

The type of flow that may develop at an area of stenosis is:

A

Disturbed

28
Q

Type of flow where blood cells closest to the wall of vessel move slower than the ones in the center is

A

Parabolic

29
Q

Which of the following begins with the end of the T wave and ends with the onset of the QRS on EKG?

A

Ventricular diastole

30
Q

Atrial systole is considered part of :

A

Late ventricular diastole

31
Q

What percentage does atrial systole normally contribute to ventricular diastolic filling?

A

30%

32
Q

True of False: There will be an increase in potential energy with an increase in kinetic energy at the site of an obstruction

A

False

33
Q

The period of time between atrioventricular valve closure and semilunar valve opening is:

A

Isovolumic contraction

34
Q

Which component of the EKG tracing represents ventricular systole?

A

QRS complex to T wave

35
Q

During IVCT, the ventricular pressure is _______ and the ventricular volume is _______.

A

Increased; no change

36
Q

Which of the arteries act as control valves through which blood is metered into the capillaries?

A

Arterioles

37
Q

Atrial systole begins with the onset of ____ on EKG?

A

P-wave

38
Q

What percentage does rapid, early diastolic filling contribute to ventricular diastolic filling?

A

70%

39
Q

True or False: During IVRT, the ventricular pressures increase while the ventricular volumes remain unchanged

A

False

40
Q

The units for stroke volume are

A

Cubic centimeters

41
Q

Which of the arteries conducts blood from the aorta to the various organs of the body?

A

Peripheral arteries

42
Q

Inlet flow is also called:

A

Plug

43
Q

The average blood pressure in the aorta is ____.

A

100 mmHg

44
Q

As the blood flows from the aorta to the arteries and arterioles, the pressure decreases to ____.

A

45 mmHg

45
Q

What is the blood pressure in the capillaries?

A

10 mmHg

46
Q

We use the modified Bernoulli‘s equation when V1 is ____.

A

> 1.2 m/s

47
Q

We use the simplified Bernoulli‘s equation when V1 is ____.

A

< or = 1.2 m/s

48
Q

What is the pressure in the left ventricle?

A

120 mmHg

Applied Cardiovascular (12 decks)

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