Hemodynamics Student Review Flashcards
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat is called:
Stroke volume
What is the normal range for stroke volume?
70-100 cc
What is the formula used for calculating stroke volume?
LVOTd^2 x 0.785 x LVOT^TVI
The equation that relates the pressure drop across an area of narrowing is:
Bernoulli equation
Which of the following vessels conducts deoxygenated blood from the peripheral tissues to the heart?
Veins
The simplified Bernoulli equation disregards all of the following factors:
- Flow acceleration
- Proximal velocity
- Viscous friction
The number that may be used to predict when turbulent flow will occur is:
Reynolds
True or False: The factors that affect flow volume (Q) include pressure gradient, tube radius, tube length, and fluid viscosity
True
True or False: According to Poiseuille’s Law, flow volume varies directly with the pressure gradient
True
True or False: According to Poiseuille’s Law, flow volume varies inversely with tube length
True
True or False: A change in tube radius will have the greatest effect on overall flow resistance
True
True or False: As the pressure gradient decreases, flow volume decreases
True
True or False: As fluid viscosity increases, flow volume increases
False
True or False: As tube length increases, flow volume increases
False
A maximum velocity of 2 m/sec is obtained in a patient with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis. The peak instantaneous pressure gradient is:
16 mmHg
The formula used to calculate cardiac output by Doppler is:
SV x HR
A maximum velocity of 5 m/sec is obtained across a stenotic aortic valve. The max. peak instantaneous gradient is:
100 mmHg
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute is called:
Cardiac Output
Normal range for cardiac output is:
4-8 L/min
Normal range for cardiac index is:
2.4-4.2 L/min/m^2
The formula used to calculate the cardiac index is:
CO ÷ BSA
The type of flow where all velocities are equal at all radical distances from the center of the tube is:
Plug
Which of the following vessels collect deoxygenated blood from the capillaries?
Venules
What is the average pressure in the left atrium?
10 mmHg
True or False: Inlet, parabolic, and disturbed flow are all types of laminar flow
False
Flow in which fluid layers slide over each other in a smooth, orderly manner is:
Laminar
The type of flow that may develop at an area of stenosis is:
Disturbed
Type of flow where blood cells closest to the wall of vessel move slower than the ones in the center is
Parabolic
Which of the following begins with the end of the T wave and ends with the onset of the QRS on EKG?
Ventricular diastole
Atrial systole is considered part of :
Late ventricular diastole
What percentage does atrial systole normally contribute to ventricular diastolic filling?
30%
True of False: There will be an increase in potential energy with an increase in kinetic energy at the site of an obstruction
False
The period of time between atrioventricular valve closure and semilunar valve opening is:
Isovolumic contraction
Which component of the EKG tracing represents ventricular systole?
QRS complex to T wave
During IVCT, the ventricular pressure is _______ and the ventricular volume is _______.
Increased; no change
Which of the arteries act as control valves through which blood is metered into the capillaries?
Arterioles
Atrial systole begins with the onset of ____ on EKG?
P-wave
What percentage does rapid, early diastolic filling contribute to ventricular diastolic filling?
70%
True or False: During IVRT, the ventricular pressures increase while the ventricular volumes remain unchanged
False
The units for stroke volume are
Cubic centimeters
Which of the arteries conducts blood from the aorta to the various organs of the body?
Peripheral arteries
Inlet flow is also called:
Plug
The average blood pressure in the aorta is ____.
100 mmHg
As the blood flows from the aorta to the arteries and arterioles, the pressure decreases to ____.
45 mmHg
What is the blood pressure in the capillaries?
10 mmHg
We use the modified Bernoulli‘s equation when V1 is ____.
> 1.2 m/s
We use the simplified Bernoulli‘s equation when V1 is ____.
< or = 1.2 m/s
What is the pressure in the left ventricle?
120 mmHg
