Powerpoint 3 Flashcards
How can you best describe the hearts size and shape?
- Cone shaped
- Hollow
- Muscular
- Size of fist
Where is the heart located?
- In the thoracic cavity cradled in a cage of bone
- Middle mediastinum
What borders the heart laterally?
Lungs
Anteriorly, the heart is covered by the lower 2/3 of the ____ and costal cartilage of ____-____ ribs
Sternum; 2nd-6th
What borders the heart posteriorly?
Descending thoracic aorta and esophagus
What borders the heart inferiorly?
Diaphragm
The ____ is a fluid-filled sac which encloses the heart.
Pericardium
The ____ pericardium is the outer layer.
Fibrous
The ____ pericardium is the inner layer.
Serous
What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?
Visceral and parietal
In-between visceral and parietal layers is the pericardial space which contains ____-____ ml of fluid.
10-30 ml
The ____ is the outermost layer of the heart.
Epicardium
The ____ is the major pumping mechanism; composed of striated muscle fibrils with myofibrils.
Myocardium
The ____ lines the inner chamber of the heart, valves, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles.
Endocardium
The ____ ____ demarcates true atrium and venous component of right atrium.
Terminal groove/sulcus terminalis
The interatrial, atrioventricular, and the posterior interventricular grooves meet to form the ____.
CRUX of the heart
What is the flow path of blood through the heart.
Periphery
–SVC/IVC
–Right atrium
–Tricuspid valve
–Right ventricle
–Pulmonic valve
–Pulmonary artery
–to Pulmonary capillary bed
Pulmonary capillary bed to
–Pulmonary veins
–Left atrium
–Mitral valve
–Left ventricle
–Aortic valve
–Aorta
–to Periphery
The tissue separating the chambers of heart is called what?
Main Septae
Which vessel returns deoxygenated blood from trunk and lower portion of body?
Inferior vena cava
Which vessel returns deoxygenated blood from head and upper portion of body?
Superior vena cava
The right atrium is positioned ____ and ____ to the left atrium.
Medial and anterior
What separates left and right side of heart?
Septum
The fossa ovalis is located in which chamber
Right atrium
What is the flap of tissue at opening of inferior vena cava called?
Eustachian valve
The opening of the coronary sinus is guarded by ____ ____, which is often continuous with eustachian valve.
Thebesian valve
What is the most anterior chamber of the heart
Right ventricle
Crista supraventricularis is a thick ridge of tissue located in the ____ that separates the inflow and outflow portions of the RV.
RVOT
The ____ valve is medial to all other valves.
Tricuspid
What is the largest valvular orifice in heart?
Tricuspid valve
What are the three leaflets of the TV called?
Anterior, posterior/inferior, septal/medial
A ____ is an area where leaflets/cusps have fused.
Commissure
A ____ describes the degree to which a valve closes.
Coaptation
What are the strong, fibrous tissues connecting papillary muscles and leaflets, supports leaflets, and prevents prolapse during systole?
Chordae tendineae
Which valve is superior to all other valves?
Pulmonic valve
What are the three cusps of the PV?
Anterior, left, right
The ____ carries deoxygenated blood from right heart to pulmonary capillary bed.
Pulmonary artery
What structure attaches to the aortic arch at the ligamentum arteriosus?
Left pulmonary artery
The ____ ____ return oxygenated blood from pulmonary capillary bed
Pulmonary veins
What is the most posterior structure of the heart?
Left atrium
The walls of the left ventricle are ____ times thicker than the walls of the right ventricle due to the pressure difference.
3
In the mitral valve, the ____ leaflet covers 1/3 of MV annulus and is longer, and the ____ leaflet covers 2/3 of annulus and is shorter.
Anterior; posterior
Which valve is lateral to all other valves?
Mitral valve
What are the three cusps of the aortic valve?
Right coronary, left coronary, and non-coronary
Which structure includes the sinus of valsalva?
Aortic root
