Powerpoint 3

Question 1

How can you best describe the hearts size and shape?

Answer 1

• Cone shaped
• Hollow
• Muscular
• Size of fist

Question 2

Where is the heart located?

Answer 2

• In the thoracic cavity cradled in a cage of bone
• Middle mediastinum

Question 3

What borders the heart laterally?

Answer 3

Lungs

Question 4

Anteriorly, the heart is covered by the lower 2/3 of the ____ and costal cartilage of ____-____ ribs

Answer 4

Sternum; 2nd-6th

Question 5

What borders the heart posteriorly?

Answer 5

Descending thoracic aorta and esophagus

Question 6

What borders the heart inferiorly?

Answer 6

Diaphragm

Question 7

The ____ is a fluid-filled sac which encloses the heart.

Answer 7

Pericardium

Question 8

The ____ pericardium is the outer layer.

Answer 8

Fibrous

Question 9

The ____ pericardium is the inner layer.

Answer 9

Serous

Question 10

What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?

Answer 10

Visceral and parietal

Question 11

In-between visceral and parietal layers is the pericardial space which contains ____-____ ml of fluid.

Answer 11

10-30 ml

Question 12

The ____ is the outermost layer of the heart.

Answer 12

Epicardium

Question 13

The ____ is the major pumping mechanism; composed of striated muscle fibrils with myofibrils.

Answer 13

Myocardium

Question 14

The ____ lines the inner chamber of the heart, valves, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles.

Answer 14

Endocardium

Question 15

The ____ ____ demarcates true atrium and venous component of right atrium.

Answer 15

Terminal groove/sulcus terminalis

Question 16

The interatrial, atrioventricular, and the posterior interventricular grooves meet to form the ____.

Answer 16

CRUX of the heart

Question 17

What is the flow path of blood through the heart.

Answer 17

Periphery
–SVC/IVC
–Right atrium
–Tricuspid valve
–Right ventricle
–Pulmonic valve
–Pulmonary artery
–to Pulmonary capillary bed

Pulmonary capillary bed to
–Pulmonary veins
–Left atrium
–Mitral valve
–Left ventricle
–Aortic valve
–Aorta
–to Periphery

Question 18

The tissue separating the chambers of heart is called what?

Answer 18

Main Septae

Question 19

Which vessel returns deoxygenated blood from trunk and lower portion of body?

Answer 19

Inferior vena cava

Question 20

Which vessel returns deoxygenated blood from head and upper portion of body?

Answer 20

Superior vena cava

Question 21

The right atrium is positioned ____ and ____ to the left atrium.

Answer 21

Medial and anterior

Question 22

What separates left and right side of heart?

Answer 22

Septum

Question 23

The fossa ovalis is located in which chamber

Answer 23

Right atrium

Question 24

What is the flap of tissue at opening of inferior vena cava called?

Answer 24

Eustachian valve

Question 25

The opening of the coronary sinus is guarded by ____ ____, which is often continuous with eustachian valve.

Answer 25

Thebesian valve

Question 26

What is the most anterior chamber of the heart

Answer 26

Right ventricle

Question 27

Crista supraventricularis is a thick ridge of tissue located in the ____ that separates the inflow and outflow portions of the RV.

Answer 27

RVOT

Question 28

The ____ valve is medial to all other valves.

Answer 28

Tricuspid

Question 29

What is the largest valvular orifice in heart?

Answer 29

Tricuspid valve

Question 30

What are the three leaflets of the TV called?

Answer 30

Anterior, posterior/inferior, septal/medial

Question 31

A ____ is an area where leaflets/cusps have fused.

Answer 31

Commissure

Question 32

A ____ describes the degree to which a valve closes.

Answer 32

Coaptation

Question 33

What are the strong, fibrous tissues connecting papillary muscles and leaflets, supports leaflets, and prevents prolapse during systole?

Answer 33

Chordae tendineae

Question 34

Which valve is superior to all other valves?

Answer 34

Pulmonic valve

Question 35

What are the three cusps of the PV?

Answer 35

Anterior, left, right

Question 36

The ____ carries deoxygenated blood from right heart to pulmonary capillary bed.

Answer 36

Pulmonary artery

Question 37

What structure attaches to the aortic arch at the ligamentum arteriosus?

Answer 37

Left pulmonary artery

Question 38

The ____ ____ return oxygenated blood from pulmonary capillary bed

Answer 38

Pulmonary veins

Question 39

What is the most posterior structure of the heart?

Answer 39

Left atrium

Question 40

The walls of the left ventricle are ____ times thicker than the walls of the right ventricle due to the pressure difference.

Answer 40

3

Question 41

In the mitral valve, the ____ leaflet covers 1/3 of MV annulus and is longer, and the ____ leaflet covers 2/3 of annulus and is shorter.

Answer 41

Anterior; posterior

Question 42

Which valve is lateral to all other valves?

Answer 42

Mitral valve

Question 43

What are the three cusps of the aortic valve?

Answer 43

Right coronary, left coronary, and non-coronary

Question 44

Which structure includes the sinus of valsalva?

Answer 44

Aortic root