Systems of the Body - Tissue Types, Nervous System, and Integumentary System Flashcards
What is the system of the body that controls, commands, and communicates?
the nervous system
What is the system of the body that generates motion?
the muscular system
What is the system of the body that covers and protects?
the integumentary system
What is the system of the body that supports and structures?
the skeletal system
What is the system of the body that shuttles essential gases and nutrients around the body?
the circulatory system
What are the two basic components of the nervous system?
neurons and glial cells
What is the difference between the function of neuron and the function of a glial cell?
Neurons are responsible for sending and receiving signals; glial cells support the neurons
What are the first two levels of the nervous system?
The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What parts of the body are included in the central nervous system?
The brain and spinal cord; the PNS is everything else.
What are the next two levels of the peripheral nervous system?
The sensory division and motor divison
What the next two levels of the motor division?
The somatic and the autonomic systems
What type of action does the somatic system control?
voluntary action (action you choose to take)
What type of action does the autonomic system control?
involuntary action (things that happen on their own; heartbeat, breathing, etc)
Action potentials are how the nervous system communicates. What causes an action potential?
The movement of ions in and out of a neuron’s axon
At rest, the axon of a neuron is _____________ charged.
negatively
When a stimulus alters the shape of the cell, what kind of gated channel allows a small amount of positive ions into the axon?
mechanically-gated channel
When the balance of electric potential starts to change, what kind of gated channel opens and rapidly floods the axon with positive ions?
voltage-gated channel
What is it called when positive ions completely alter the charge in the axon?
depolarization
What process of recharging the axon with negative ions must occur in order to send another action potential?
repolarization
All action potentials are the same, so how does the brain tell the difference between one sensation and another?
the frequency of action potentials (how many action potentials happen in a set amount of time)
A strong stimulus will have a ________ frequency
high (more action potentials)
A weak stimulus will have a ________ frequency
low (fewer action potentials
The system of skin and other external protective mechanisms is called the ____________ system.
integumentary system
Skin is a blend of which two types of tissue?
epithelial and connective
Which layer of the skin is made of 3-4 layers of dead epithelial tissue?
the epidermis
What layer of the skin contains mostly connective tissue in the form of fat?
The hypodermis/subcutis
What are the layers of the epidermis?
Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale (Come, Let’s Get Sun Burned!)
Which layer of the epidermis is only found in the thick skin of the palms and soles of the feet?
the lucidum
What layer of the skin is a blend of connective tissue and epithelial tissue and contains the blood vessels and nerves?
the dermis
If you cut skin deep enough to bleed, you’ve at least reached the ___________
dermis
Where will you find the melanocytes that determine skin color?
the epidermis
Besides protecting the body with skin, the integumentary system is responsible for what tasks?
producing essentials hormones and other materials that function with the skin, like sweat, saliva, and mucus
