Physical Science

Question 1

What is the formula for speed?

Answer 1

S= D/T (speed = distance divided by time)

Question 2

What is the formula for velocity?

Answer 2

V= D/T (velocity = distance divided by time + direction)

Question 3

What is acceleration?

Answer 3

A change in the velocity of an object

Question 4

What is the formula for acceleration?

Answer 4

Delta V/Delta T (change in velocity over change in time)

Question 5

What is Newton’s 1st Law?

Answer 5

The Law of Inertia: An object in motion tends to stay in motion, and an object at rest tends to stay at rest

Question 6

What is required to overcome the inertia of an object?

Answer 6

an outside force

Question 7

What is Newton’s 2nd Law?

Answer 7

The force/mass/acceleration relationship: the acceleration of an object is directly related to the force applied to an object and inversely related to the mass of the object

Question 8

What is Newton’s 3rd Law?

Answer 8

For every action (or force), there is an equal and opposite reaction (or reactive force).

Question 9

What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?

Answer 9

potential energy is the possible energy of an object, kinetic energy is the energy of motion

Question 10

What is work?

Answer 10

Force x Distance (measured in Joules)

Question 11

What is power?

Answer 11

Work/Time (work divided by time, measured in watts or horsepower)

Question 12

What is friction?

Answer 12

Friction is the force that the surfaces of two objects exert on each OR the force that an environment exerts on an object’s surface

Question 13

What is gravity?

Answer 13

the universal attractive force between objects

Question 14

What is static friction?

Answer 14

the friction present in objects that aren’t moving

Question 15

Water and air moving against the surface of an object is an example of _________ friction.

Answer 15

fluid friction

Question 16

Circular objects have rolling friction, which requires less force to overcome. Why is that the case?

Answer 16

reduced surface area contact between the objects

Question 17

What are the simple machines?

Answer 17

levers, pulleys, screws, incline planes, wedges, wheel and axle

Question 18

What is the purpose of simple machines?

Answer 18

to increase mechanical advantage, which means to get more output from the same amount of input

Question 19

What is an example of a first class lever?

Answer 19

a seesaw (fulcrum in the middle between input and output forces)

Question 20

What’s an example of a second class lever?

Answer 20

a wheelbarrow (output force between input and fulcrum)

Question 21

What’s an example of third class lever?

Answer 21

Tweezers (input force between output and fulcrum)

Question 22

What are the main forms of energy?

Answer 22

kinetic, radiant, thermal, chemical, electric, and potential

Question 23

What can change an object’s potential energy?

Answer 23

a change in its circumstances (ex. how high the object)

Question 24

What causes electricity?

Answer 24

the relationship between positive and negative charges caused by electrons

Question 25

Finish this statement: __________ and ___________ are two sides of the same coin; they are connected forces.

Answer 25

Electricity and magnetism. You can use electricity to generate magnetism and magnetism to generate electricity

Question 26

What is static electricity?

Answer 26

When a positive and negative quickly neutralize (balance) themselves, leaving both objects uncharged

Question 27

What is current?

Answer 27

the steady flow of electrons through a conductor (powers every electronic device)

Question 28

What form of electricity is lightning: static or dynamic (current)?

Answer 28

Static. Once lightning strikes, the charge is neutralized.

Question 29

What is a conductor?

Answer 29

a material that allows for easy flow of electric current, like metal

Question 30

What is an insulator?

Answer 30

a material that resists the flow of electric current, like rubber

Question 31

What is the most common form of magnetism called?

Answer 31

Ferromagnetism (“ferrum” means iron in Latin, and most magnetic materials are iron-like.)

Question 32

What two things control the magnetic interaction between two objects?

Answer 32

The strength of the charge and the distance between the objects

Question 33

What is electromagnetism?

Answer 33

The term for the force of charges that control both electricity and magnetism.