Systems Investigation Analysis Design Flashcards
First two steps of the systems development process
Systems investigation and systems analysis
Participants In Systems Development
1.Developement Team
2.Project
3.Project Manager
4.Stakeholders
5.Users
6.System analysts
7.Programmer
Picture Link https://ibb.co/Yb1FGQB
Picture Link https://ibb.co/Yb1FGQB
Development team:
-Determines objectives of the information system
-Delivers system that meets objectives
Project:
-Planned collection of activities that achieves a goal
Project manager:
-Responsible for coordinating all people and resources needed to complete a project on time
Stakeholders:
-People who ultimately benefit from project
Users:
-People who will interact with the system regularly
-They ultimately use the system
Systems analysts:
-Professional who specializes in analyzing and designing business systems
Programmer:
-Responsible for modifying or developing programs to satisfy user requirements
Picture Link https://ibb.co/Yb1FGQB
Picture Link https://ibb.co/Yb1FGQB
Establishing Objectives for Systems Development:
Mission-critical systems
vs
Critical success factors (CSFs)
Establishing Objectives for Systems Development
Mission-critical systems:
Play pivotal role in organization’s continued operations and goal attainment
Critical success factors (CSFs):
Factors essential to success of a functional area of an organization
(Capex) – Things you have to buy (but then you own it) (Ex: For Wifi need to buy router) (but one time payment only)
(Opex) – Subscriptions or services u need to pay to access (Ex: Wifi need to subscribe 100mbps) (recurring payment)
Establishing Objectives for Systems Development
Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle :
Systems investigation
vs
System analysis
vs
System design
vs
System implementation
vs
System maintenance and review
https://ibb.co/Jp1FZ3Y (Link Picture)
Systems investigation:
Identifies/understand problems and opportunities and considers them in light of business goals
Systems analysis:
Studies existing systems and work processes to identify strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement
Systems design:
-Defines how the information system will do what it must do to obtain the problem’s solution
-Look and choose the best solution
Systems implementation:
Creates or acquires various system components detailed in systems design, assembles them, and places new or modified system into operation
Systems maintenance and review:
-Ensures the system operates as intended
-Modifies the system so that it continues to meet changing business needs
https://ibb.co/Jp1FZ3Y
https://ibb.co/Jp1FZ3Y (Link Picture)
The Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle Advantages Vs Disadvantages
https://ibb.co/tZwPy9c
Picture link
Continuous improvement
vs
Reengineering
Continuous Improvement: It’s like making small, consistent upgrades to a smartphone’s software or features through regular updates. For instance, improving the camera quality or adding new functionalities through software updates.
Reengineering: Imagine completely remodeling a house, tearing down walls, and redesigning the entire layout to make it more modern and efficient. Similarly, in a business context, reengineering might involve completely restructuring the way a company operates, like changing its entire workflow or adopting new technology to transform its processes significantly.
Use of Project Management Tools
- Project schedule
- Project milestone
- Project deadline
- Critical path
Project schedule:
Detailed description of what is to be done
Project milestone:
Critical date for completion of a major part of the project
Project deadline:
Date that the entire project is to be completed and operational
Critical path:
Activities that, if delayed, would delay the entire project
Use of Project Management Tools (continued)
1.Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT):
- Gantt chart:
1.Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT):
Creates three time estimates for an activity:
-Shortest possible time
-Most likely time
-Longest possible time
2.Gantt chart:
Graphical tool used for planning, monitoring, and coordinating projects
Object-Oriented Systems Development (OOSD)
Can be used during all phases of systems development
Object-Oriented Systems Development (OOSD) is an approach to software development that organizes the software as a collection of interacting ‘objects,’ each with its own data and set of behaviors. It emphasizes building software systems by modeling real-world entities as objects that can perform actions and interact with each other.
OOSD Can be used during all phases of systems development
Can be used during all phases of systems development
OOSD tasks
Designing the system
Programming or modifying modules
Evaluation by users
Periodic review and modification
Systems Investigation
Go check out questions
What primary problems might a new or enhanced system solve?
What opportunities might a new or enhanced system provide?
What new hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, personnel, or procedures will improve an existing system or are required in a new system?
What are the potential costs (variable and fixed)?
What are the associated risks?
Initiating Systems Investigation
1.Systems request form:
-Submitted by someone who wants IS department to initiate systems investigation
-Information included:
1.Problems in or opportunities for system
2.Objectives of systems investigation
3.Overview of proposed system
4.Expected costs and benefits of proposed system
Participants in Systems Investigation
-Members of development team change from phase to phase
-Keys to successful investigation teams:
Cooperation and collaboration
In detail Picture:
https://ibb.co/Wvh0f0q
Feasibility analysis Assesses:
Technical feasibility
Economic feasibility
Legal feasibility
Operational feasibility
Schedule feasibility
TELOS (Shortword key)
Technical Feasibility: This assesses whether the technology exists or can be developed to achieve the project’s objectives. For example, determining if a proposed software system can be built using existing programming languages and tools.
Economic Feasibility: This evaluates whether a project is financially viable and cost-effective. It involves analyzing costs versus benefits. For instance, determining if implementing a new manufacturing process will result in enough cost savings to justify the initial investment.
Legal Feasibility: This looks at whether the project aligns with legal and regulatory requirements. For example, determining if a new product complies with industry-specific regulations before proceeding with its development.
Operational Feasibility: This examines whether a proposed project aligns with existing operations, procedures, and user needs. For instance, assessing if introducing a new management system will be accepted and adopted by the employees without major disruptions.
Schedule Feasibility: This assesses whether the project can be completed within a reasonable timeframe. For example, determining if the proposed timeline for developing and launching a new software product is realistic based on available resources and complexities.
Object-Oriented Systems Investigation
1.Object-oriented approach:
-Can be used during all phases of systems development
2.Use case diagram:
-Part of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) that is used in object-oriented systems development
