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Commutair E145 Jan 2019 > Systems: APU & Powerplant > Flashcards

Systems: APU & Powerplant Flashcards

1
Q

What does turning APU master knob to the ON position do?

A

energizes the FADEC
commands the fuel shutoff valve to open
enables APU indication and alarms on EICAS

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2
Q

Where is the APU located?

A

tailcone of the aircraft, aft of a firewall

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3
Q

How does the APU receive its fuel?

A

Normally, tank #2.

Can receive fuel from tank 1 if crossfeed is selected to LOW2 and electric fuel pump for engine #1 is ON

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4
Q

What controls the start and normal ops of the APU?

A

its own FADEC

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5
Q

Which electrical busses can the APU energize as the sole source of electrical power?

A

In flight: all of the main busses, except the shed busses

On the ground: all of the busses, providing the shed bus switch is in the OVRD position

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6
Q

What is the max altitude for an APU start?

A

FL300

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7
Q

What is the max altitude for APU operation?

A

FL370

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8
Q

What are the max cool-down periods before subsequent APU start attempts?

A

after 1st attempt - 1 minute
after 2nd attempt - 1 minute
after 3rd attempt - 30 minutes

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9
Q

How is a fire detected in the APU?

A

by its own dedicated fire loop

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10
Q

How is a fire extinguished in the APU?

A

by its own dedicated extinguishing bottle

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11
Q

Explain how the APU fire bottle works

A

The APU, without pilot intervention, will automatically shut down after 10 seconds due to any heat-related malfunction on the ground. In flight, the APU will NOT shutdown automatically for a heat-related malfunction.

It is important to understand that this automatic occurrence of the APU shutdown on the ground is just a shutdown, and not an automatic deployment of the APU fire bottle. The APU fire bottle can only be discharged by the pilots via a dedicated extinguishing button on the overhead panel.

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12
Q

What is the max electrical load of the APU generator?

A

400 amps up to FL300

300 amps above FL300

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13
Q

What are the minimum battery temperatures and voltages for APU start?

A

-20 degrees C and 23.5 volts

At 23.5 volts and higher, the APU may be started off the batteries alone. Between 19v and 23.5v, the APU must be started with a gourd power unit. At 19v and lower, the battery must be removed from the airplane to be recharged. When battery starting the APU, it’s important that Battery 1 AND Battery 2’s respective temperature and voltages are noted. Even though Battery #2 is responsible for starting the SPU, both batteries receive a charge when the APU generator comes online. If either of the batteries is lower than the prescribed limits, the crew runs the risk of thermal runaway of the main batteries. Under most circumstances, it is advantageous to start the APU off of a GPU, since this practice does not place any load on the aircraft’s electrical system during APU start.

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14
Q

What type of engines do we have on our aircraft

A

Rolls Royce AE3007 A1E

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15
Q

What are the 3 pilot selectable thrust modes for takeoff?

A

ALT/TO - reduced thrust, lowest level
T/O - full thrust, medium level
E/TO - extended thrust, highest level

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16
Q

What two stages are bleed air tapped from?

A

9th and 14th

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17
Q

When does the high-stage valve open automatically to allow 14th stage bleed air to run the system?

A

low thrust settings
cross-bleed starts
pneumatic anti-ice is activated

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18
Q

How is the accessory gear box powered?

A

the accessory gear box is powered via a tower shaft that is connected to the high-pressure turbine (N2)

if there is adequate N2 rotation, generators should be running, engine-driven hydraulic/fuel/oil pumps should be working

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19
Q

What components are located on the accessory gear box?

A

FAGHOP

engine-driven fuel, hydraulic, and oil pumps
2 engine-driven generators
permanent magnet alternators
air turbine starter

20
Q

What are the 3 sources of air for engine start?

A

APU bleed air
Cross-bleed air (requires 83% N2 on operating engine)
External air

21
Q

What is the preferred source of air for an engine start?

A

APU bleed air

22
Q

What is the FPMU and what does it do? What operates it?

A

The FPMU controls and supplies fuel to the engine nozzles at correct pressure and flow rate for engine start, correct engine operation, engine stop and also controls the compressor variable geometry vanes. The FPMU for each engine operates under the full authority of the FADEC.

23
Q

How does the fuel shutoff valve work?

A

The fuel shutoff valves in the belly are only activated (fuel cutoff) by pulling either of the T-handles. For each engine, there is a separate latching shutoff valve (controlled by the Start/Stop switch) that shuts off fuel immediately prior to the engine, if Start/Stop is placed in Stop position.

24
Q

What are the 2 ways that pilots can shut off fuel to the engines?

A

The Start/Stop selectors to Stop cuts fuel off right at the engine.
The T-handle closes the fuel-shutoff valve in the belly. In only the T-handle is pulled, the engine may run for up to a minute before shutting down. This is not desirable if an immediate engine shut-down is wanted (engine fire).

25
Q

What page of the MFD displays the engine oil level, and engine oil pressure?

A

Engine oil level- MFD T/O page

Engine oil pressure- EICAS

26
Q

What is the minimum oil level for dispatch?

A

8 quarts

27
Q

When does the engine oil quantity text turn amber?

A

below 6 quarts

28
Q

What is the primary source for engine control?

A

FADEC

29
Q

What are the engines’ ignition source? How are they driven?

A

PMAs (Permanent Magnet Alternator) driven by the N2 via the tower shaft

30
Q

What level N2 will drive the PMAs?

A

At around 10% N2, there is enough rotation to drive the tower shaft and thus the PMAs (Permanent Magnet Alternator) to power the igniters.

31
Q

What do the PMAs power above 50%N2?

A

FADEC

32
Q

How is the FADEC powered below 50% N2? Above 50% N2?

A

Below 50% N2- essential busses

Above 50% N2- PMAs

33
Q

How do the PMAs work?

A

The Permanent Magnet Alternators (PMAs) are self-contained magnets that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. This energy, depending on N2 rotation, is enough to generate an ignition source for the engines as well as provide enough power to energize the FADECs.

34
Q

How many igniters are in each engine?

A

2 igniters in each engine

35
Q

What does the AUTO mode on engine ignition do?

A

AUTO allows the FADEC to control how many igniters are responsible for engine start
In AUTO mode, 1 igniter is used on the ground for normal engine start; 2 igniters are used for auto-relight (ground or flight)

36
Q

What does the ignition switch in the cockpit control?

A

The ignition switches control IGNITION and not COMBUSTION. The pilot could theoretically turn the ignition switches to OFF in flight and the engine would still run. The 3 positions of the ignition switch simply control how many ignitors run during an engine start, as well as a few other functions.

In the OFF position, no igniters fire and fuel flow is inhibited to allow for dry-motoring. In the ON position, ignition remains constant with both igniters firing until the switches are placed back into AUTO.

37
Q

What is the thrust lever detent?

A

The detent is for full thrust for a given thrust mode. The FADEC will command the thrust level of the engine based on which takeoff mode was selected (ALT T/O, T/O, E T/O0 and display the max N1 target in cyan.

In the event of wind shear or an ATTCS failure, the thrust levers can be advanced beyond the detent into max available thrust.

38
Q

Where is the FADEC in command displayed?

A

EICAS, either A or B.
Pilots are responsible for cycling between FADECS in control between flights. Select A when the CA is PF and B when the FO is PF. Cycling is part of the FO After Start Flow.

39
Q

What happens when there is an inadvertent thrust deployment in flight?

A

The FADEC automatically brings the thrust in the respective engine to idle, regardless of thrust lever angle.

40
Q

How is the max available thrust for each selected takeoff thrust rating calculated?

A

By the FADEC, with input from the pilot on the MFD T/O page. The pilot selects thrust mode, temp, and anti-ice mode and the FADEC calculates and sets the N1 target.

In the event takeoff data is not selected, the FADEC reverts to E/TO for takeoff thrust selection.

41
Q

What happens if the thrust lever is forward of the idle position and the start/stop selectors are placed in the stop position?

A

The respective engine will not shut down.

42
Q

When can CLB and CRZ modes be selected?

A

when the PF calls for “climb thrust” on the takeoff profile

When the the PF calls for the cruise check

43
Q

What must be entered by the pilot for the takeoff data setting?

A

thrust mode
ATIS temp
anti-ice on/off

44
Q

What is the purpose of the ATTCS (automatic takeoff thrust control system)?

A

Whenever the engine fails, the system automatically increases thrust on the operating engine to increase single-engine performance.

45
Q

When will the FADEC select T/O RSV mode? T/O mode?

A

Whenever the ATTCS system receives an engine-out signal, ATTCS is activated.
If ALT/TO is the pilot-selected mode, then T/O will be the ATTCS active thrust mode.
If T/O is the pilot-selected mode, then T/O RSV will be the ATTCS active thrust mode.

46
Q

How would you know that the takeoff data was not accepted by the FADEC?

A

ENG NO T/O DATA displayed on the EICAS

In the event that takeoff data is not entered, or accepted, the aircraft reverts to E/TO thrust mode for takeoff.

47
Q

How are the thrust reversers actuated? activated? locked?

A

electrically activated
hydraulically actuated
mechanically and hydraulically locked

Commutair E145 Jan 2019 (19 decks)

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