Systemic Mycoses Flashcards
1
Q
What is unique about systemic mycoses?
A
- inherently virulent (can cause disease in healthy animals)
- initial infection targets the lung (usually asymptomatic)
2
Q
Blastomycosis characteristics
A
- dimorphic fungus
- inhabitant of soil and wood (not extreme temperatures)
- humans and dogs most often infected (zoonotic)
- mold form is highly infectious
3
Q
Blastomycosis disease patterns/diagnosis
A
- cutaneous, ophthalmic, disseminated diseases
- see cutaneous and lung involvement
- Dx: thick-walled yeast cells attached by a broad base
4
Q
Blastomycosis treatment
A
- amphotericin B
- multiple organ involvement= death
5
Q
Coccidiomycosis characteristics
A
- dimorphic fungus
- do best in warm, south/central US
- mainly humans and dogs (zoonotic)
- yeasts in tissue called sporangia
6
Q
Coccidiomycosis disease patterns/diagnosis
A
- primary pulmonary infection or disseminates
- Dx: see sporangia in smears
- infectious dose= 1 inhaled spore
7
Q
Coccidiomycosis treatment
A
- ketoconzaole
- itraconazole
- amphotericin B
8
Q
Histoplasmosis characteristics
A
- dimorphic fungus
- warm, wet, soil (also in bird and bat guano)
- Missisippi and Ohio river valley
- mainly in dogs
9
Q
Histoplasmosis disease patterns/diagnosis
A
- respiratory and disseminated forms
- Dx: clusters on smear
10
Q
Histoplasmosis treatment?
A
- ketoconazole
- itraconazole
- amphotericin B
11
Q
Cryptococcosis characteristics
A
- yeast (C. neoformans)
- common in cats (CAT=crypto!)
- nasal cavity primary site of infection
12
Q
Cryptococcosis disease patterns/diagnosis
A
- fungal rhinitis (sneezing and nasal discharge)
- nasal granuloma
- dissemination
- Dx: look at smear
13
Q
Cryptococcosis treatment
A
fluconazole
