Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Gram Negative > Flashcards

Gram Negative Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Enterobacteriaceae family members & features

A
  • Escherichia
  • Salmonella
  • Yersinia
  • Shigella
  • oxidase negative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Escherichia important species

A

-E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Escherichia disease patterns

A
  • diarrhea
  • endotoxemia
  • opportunistic UTI
  • mastitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Escherichia treatment

A
  • correct fluid/electrolyte imbalance
  • antibiotic use is controversial
  • questionably effective vaccines in cattle and swine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Salmonella important species

A

S. enterica subspecies I (or subspecies enterica)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Salmonella disease patterns

A
  • diarrhea, enteritis
  • septicemia
  • toxemia
  • pneumonia
  • “arizonosis” (S. arizonae)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Salmonella treatment

A
  • enteritis: correct fluid/electrolyte imbalance
  • systemic: antibiotics guided by susceptibility testing (multidrug resistsance is common)

*sanitation in reptiles is extremely important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Yersinia important species

A
  • Y. enterocolitica
  • -Y. pseudotuberculosis pestis* (ze plague!)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Yersinia disease patterns

A
  • Y. enterocolitica*: gastroenteritis, septicemia, lymphadenitis
  • Y. pestis:* bubonic or pnemonic plague
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Yersinia treatment

A
  • tetracycline, aminoglycoside (NOT beta-lactams)
  • flea and rodent control for plague
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Shigella disease patterns

A
  • dysentery (very severe diarrhea), septicemia
  • restricted to primates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Shigella treatment

A
  • supportive care
  • antibiotics
  • sanitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pasteurellaceae family members

A
  • Pasteurella
  • Bibersteinia
  • Mannheimia
  • Actinobacillus
  • Haemophilis
  • Histophilus

*all oxidase positive bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pasteurella (and Bibersteinia and Mannheimia) characteristics & important species

A
  • usually normal flora in oral cavity/upper respiratory tracy
  • transmission by respiratory tract, bite wounds, licking
  • P. multocida
  • -B. trehalosi*
  • M. haemolytica*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pasteurella, Bibersteina, Mannheimia disease patterns

A
  • pneumonia/respiratory disease “shipping fever” (Mannhemia)
  • wound infections (bite wounds)
  • mastitis
  • atrophic rhinitis (P. multocida)
  • “avian cholera” (P. multocida)
  • “snuffles” (rabbits)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pasteurella treatment

A
  • antibiotics (tetracycline)
  • vaccination in cows and pigs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Actinobacillus characteristics & important species

A
  • radiating/star-shaped appearance on slides
  • normal oral flora, spreads to other sites
  • A. equuli equuli, A. equuli haemolytica, A. lignieresii
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Actinobacillus disease patterns

A

pneumonia, wound infections, lesions on mammary gland

-“wooden tongue” (granuloma on tongue)- A. lignieresii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Actinobacillus treatment

A
  • topical iodine for “wooden tongue”
  • antibiotics (tetracycline)
  • vaccines for pigs
  • minimize piglet contact with asymptomatic adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Haemophilus characteristics

A
  • grown on chocolate agar (cooked blood)
  • normal oral flora, spreads to other sites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Haemophilus disease patterns

A
  • conjunctivitis
  • septicemia
  • “Glasser’s disease” (multiple organs)- accumulation of fibrin
  • pneumonia (opportunistic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Haemophilus treatment

A
  • antibiotics (tetracycline)
  • vaccine for poultry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Histophilus important species

A

H. somni (depressive effect on CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Histophilus disease patterns

A
  • thromboembolic meningoencephalitis (TEME)
  • septicemia
  • respiratory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Histophilus treatment

A
  • antibiotics (tetracycline)
  • vaccine for cattle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Bordetella characteristics & important species

A
  • chronic respiratory tract infection
  • B. avium
  • -B. bronchiseptica* (kennel cough)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Bordetella disease patterns

A
  • tracheobronchitis “kennel cough”
  • pneumonia
  • atrophic rhinitis with P. multocida (pigs)
  • avian rhinotracheitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bordetella treatment

A
  • sanitation/ventilation
  • tetracycline
  • vaccination
29
Q

Francisella characteristics & important species

A
  • association with tularemia
  • normally through tick or fly bite, but also ingestion of infected carcass
  • rodent reservois (western US)
  • may be asymptomatic animal
  • almost any animal is susceptible (zoonotic)
  • F. tularensis
30
Q

Francisella disease patterns

A
  • endotoxemia
  • inflammatory disease (profound inflammation of vasculature)
  • tularemia: lymphadenopathy and septicemia
31
Q

Francisella treatment

A
  • tetracycline
  • limit exposure to vectors
32
Q

Moraxella characterisitcs & important species

A
  • can be transmitted by faceflies
  • direct transmission, contact with secretions
  • M. subg. Moraxella bovis
33
Q

Moraxella disease patterns

A
  • “pink eye”
  • keratoconjuctivitis
  • corneal ucler
34
Q

Moraxella treatment

A
  • tetracycline
  • facefly control
  • vaccination
35
Q

Pseudomonas characteristics

A
  • fluorescent on slides
  • very highly antibiotic resistant
  • ubiquitous in environment, especially in moist places
36
Q

Pseudomonas disease patterns

A
  • multiple opportunistic infections
  • otitis externa
  • mastitis
  • keratoconjuntivitis (warm areas)
37
Q

Pseudomonas treatment

A
  • gentamicin (multidrug resistant)
  • correct predisposing factors
38
Q

Burkholderia characteristics & important species

A
  • biowarfare agent
  • reportable disease
  • thrives in wet environment
  • B. mallei in equids
  • B. pseudomallei in wide range of vertebrates
39
Q

Burkholderia disease patterns

A
  • multisystemic pyogranulomatous disease “glanders” (B. mallei)
  • acutely fatal pyogranulomatous disease “melioidosis” (B. pseudomallei)
40
Q

Burkholderia treatment

A
  • culling (B. mallei)
  • tetracycline (B. pseudomallei)
41
Q

Taylorella characteristics

A
  • reproductive disease
  • considered to be foreign animal disease
42
Q

Taylorella disease patterns

A
  • purulent endometritis
  • contagious equine metritis (CEM)
  • discharge of pus from vagina
  • infertility, abortion
43
Q

Taylorella treatment

A
  • topical antisepsis and antimicrobials
  • U.S. import surveillance (foreign disease)
44
Q

Brucella characteristics & important species

A
  • reproductive disorder
  • brucellosis
  • facultative intracellular organisms
  • concern with wildlife transmitting to cattle (political)
  • B. abortus (zoonotic potential), B. canis, B. melitensis (broad host range-zoonotic), B. ovis, B. suis
45
Q

Brucella disease patterns

A
  • abortion, infertility
  • epididymitis
  • secondary sites (osteomyelitis)
  • septicemia
  • neurological signs
46
Q

Brucella treatment

A
  • vaccinate cows (famous RB50)
  • test and cull livestock
47
Q

Campylobacter characteristics & important species

A
  • mostly reproductive except C. jejuni
  • C. fetus fetus, C. fetus venerealis, C. jejuni
48
Q

Campylobacter disease patterns

A
  • gastroenteritis (C. jejuni)
  • infertility/inappearance abortion, endometritis (C. fetus venerealis)
  • frank abortion (C. fetus fetus)
49
Q

Campylobacter treatment

A
  • vaccinate
  • penicillin, tetracycline
  • culling, sanitation
50
Q

Brachyspira characteristics

A
  • curly shaped organism
  • surface of gut looks like it has long hair when infected
51
Q

Brachyspira disease patterns

A

diarrhea, dysentery (30% of diagnosed cases in pigs)

52
Q

Brachyspira treatment

A

metronidazole

53
Q

Lawsonia characteristics

A
  • intracellular organism
  • has affinity for silver
54
Q

Lawsonia disease patterns

A
  • proliferative enteritis, “wet tail”, 30% of diagnosed cases in swine
  • hemorrhagic enteritis with rectal prolapse (small rodents)
55
Q

Lawsonia treatment

A
  • vaccination
  • tetracycline
56
Q

Helicobacter characteristics

A

-very common in veterinary medicine

57
Q

Helicobacter disease patterns

A
  • gastritis
  • abortion
  • avian “vibrionic hepatitis”
58
Q

Heliobacter treatment

A

amoxicillin

59
Q

Borrelia characteristics & important species

A
  • spiral shaped morphology
  • transmitted by ticks (lyme disease)
  • B. burgdorferi (zoonotic)
60
Q

Borrelia disease patterns

A
  • “lyme” lymphadenopathy
  • arthritis
  • avian “spirochetosis”
  • neuropathy
61
Q

Borrelia treatment

A
  • tetracycline
  • ectoparasite control
  • vaccine for dogs with high risk of exposure
62
Q

Leptospira characteristics

A
  • water-loving, moist enviornment
  • thin (looks like spaghetti)
63
Q

Leptospira disease patterns

A
  • septicemia
  • hepatic and renal disease (dogs)
  • abortion, infertility
  • moon blindness (horses)
64
Q

Leptospira treatment

A
  • penicillin
  • vaccination (high risk of anaphylaxis in puppies and Daschunds)
  • L5 bacterin in cows
  • given in conjunction with Erysipelothrix bacterin in pigs
65
Q

Anaerobe species

A
  • -Bacteroides fragilis*
  • -Dichelobacter nodosus*
  • -Fusobacterium necrophorum*
66
Q

Anaerobe characteristics

A
  • normally found in gut
  • exposed through feces
67
Q

Anaerobe disease patterns?

A
  • foot rot
  • abscesses

*low oxygen environment with fecal contamination

68
Q

Anaerobe treatment

A
  • drain abscesses
  • hoof trimming
  • topical antiseptics
  • penicillin
  • isolation

Microbiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions