Gram Positive Flashcards
Staphylococcus general features
- round-shaped, cluster of cells
- produces exotoxins, enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins (target skin)
- most are coagulase negative (except S. schleiferi coagulans)
- resistant in environment
Staph disease patterns
- suppurative (purulent) cutaneous lesions
- mastitis, chronic granuloma, pyoderma
- “greasy pig disease” (exfoliative toxin)
- “bumblefoot”
Staph treatment and control
- drain abscesses
- topical antiseptics
- penicillin (beta-lactam antibiotics)
Streptococcus general features & important species
- chains of mother daughter pairs
- many strains are beta-hemolytic (can lyse RBC’s)
- normally in upper resp tract or mucocutaneous junction
- S. equi equi (equids only), S. equi zooepidemicus (broad host range)
Strep disease patterns
- pyogenic, suppurative lesions
- mastitis, rhinopharyngitis (strangles), arthritis, septicemia, pneumonia
Strep treatment and control
- drain abscesses
- penicillin
- vaccinate
Enterococcus general features
- acorn shaped
- GI disease
Enterococcus disease patterns
- diarrhea
- UTI (fecal innoculation)
Enterococcus treatment and control
- difficult to control (multidrug resistant)
- correct compromising conditions
- penicillin
Archanobacterium/Truperella important species
-Truperella pyogenes
Archanobacterium/Truperella disease patterns
- traumatic or opportunisitic lesions (liver, lung, ovary)
- mastitis
- lymphadenitis
- purulent lesions
Archanobacterium/Truperella treatment
- drain abscesses
- penicillin
Bacillus features and important species
- Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
- forms endospores when exposed to air (weaponization)
- exotoxins (lethal toxin and edema toxin)
- progression depends on portal of entry
- geographical predispositions (central US-cattle driving trails, esp after rain fall)
Bacillus disease patterns
- multiple organ dysfunction, diarrhea, edema, shock,
- hemorrhage
Bacillus treatment
- penicillin
- vaccination
Corynebacterium features and important species
- “palisades” type pattern
- C. pseudotuberculosis
- C. renale (urine as energy source-UTI)
Corynebacterium disease patterns
- pyelonephritis, ascending urinary infections (c. renale)
- caseous lymphadenitis, pectoral abscess “pigeon breast” (c. pseudotuberculosis)
Erysipelothrix features and important species
- E. rhusiopathiae (reddening of skin/hair)
- may be acute, chronic, or asymptomatic
Erysipelothrix disease patterns
- endocarditis
- septicemia
- arthritis
- “diamond skin disease” in pigs
Listeria important species
L. monocytogenes
Listeria disease patterns
- encephalitis (CNS signs)
- septicemia, keratoconjunctivitis, abortion
Rhodococcus features and important species
- R. equi
- not truly coccus shaped
- normally a soil-dwelling bacteria
- infection through inhalation of dust particles
Rhodococcus disease pattern
foal pneumonia
Clostridium features and types
- forms endospores, strict anaerobe
- many different exotoxins
- histotoxic (organs): C. difficile (normal flora-imbalance), C. perfringens, C. piliforme
- neurotoxic (CNS) species: C. botulinum, C. tetani
Clostridium disease patterns
Histotoxic:
-necrosis (“blackleg”), gastritis, edema, enterotoxemia
Neurotoxic:
-tetanus (tonic vs. clonic), botulism (flaccid paralysis)
Actinomyces/Dermatophilus features & important species
- filamentous
- Actinomyces bovis (normal flora of oral cavity), A. viscosus
- -Dermatophilus congolensis* (soil organism)
Actinomyces/Dermatophilus disease patterns
Actinomyces: pyogranulomas, “lumpy jaw”
Dermatophilus: rain scald, “strawberry” footrot, lumpy wool, “poll evil” bursitis
*both can have epidermititis (wound infection from grass awn, etc.)
