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NBEO Review-AA > Systemic Medication > Flashcards

Systemic Medication Flashcards

1
Q

Medication causing Papilledema

A 
CANT
C- Contraceptives
A- Vitamin A and Accutane
N- Naladixic
T- Tetracyclines( minocycline, doxycycline)
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2
Q

Medication causing toxicity-optic nerve Pallor

A

Ethambutol
Isoniazid
Amiodarone

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3
Q

Celexa (Citalopram Hydrobromide)

A

SSRIs

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4
Q

Mirapex (pramipexole)

A

Anti-Parkinson Therapies

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5
Q

Plavix (pramipexole)

A

Blood thinners

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6
Q

Trazodone

A

antidepressant medicine

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7
Q

Dyrenium (Triamterene)

A

Diuretic (water pill)

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8
Q

Bactroban (mupirocin topical )

A

antibiotic

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9
Q

Imitrex (sumatriptan)

A

Headache medicine that narrows blood vessels around the brain.

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10
Q

Drugs causing NAION

A

Viagra
Imitrex (sumatriptan)
Amiodarone

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11
Q

Which layers of cornea are Hydrophobic and which are hydrophilic

A

Epithelium and Endothelium are hydrophobic

Stroma is hydrophilic

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12
Q

What are the side effects of Pilocarpine

A 
Headaches and myopic shift
Miosis
Cataract( anterior cortical)
Retinal detachment 
Secondary angle closure ( pupillary block)
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13
Q

Pilocarpine is used for diagnosis of

A

1% to differentiate from CN III palsy from sphincter tear.

0.125% for Adies tonic pupil

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14
Q

Contraindication with Down syndrome patients

A

Scopolamine
Atropine
CNS toxicity

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15
Q

Standard drug for treating anterior uveitis

A

Homatropine , effects is 1-3 days

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16
Q

Naphazolin (Naphcon)
Tetrahydrozoline ( Visine)
Phenylephrine

A

Ocular decongestant used clinically.

Excessive Visine use> fixed dilated pupil . Recurrent subconjhemes.

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17
Q

Brimonidine

A

Neuro protective properties
Conjunctival follicles, ocular allergic reactions, and ocular pruritus (itching).
Causes Miosis
Dry mouth
headache, blurring, foreign body sensation, fatigue/drowsiness,
Ocular hyperemia, burning and stinging,

Contraindicated using with MOI
TID dosing

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18
Q

Apraclonidine ( Iopidine)

A

For Acute IOP lowering
Taxhyphylaxis properties
Can be used for diagnosing Horner’s syndrome.

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19
Q

Horner syndrome diagnosis

A 
Cocaine-no dilation
Apraclonidine-dilation
Hydroxyamphetamine
  Pre> Dilation
  Post>no Dilation
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20
Q

The only B-1 selective B-blocker is……….. And is safe to prescribe for Asthma and COPD patients.

A

Betaxolol ( Betoptic-S)
Has Neuroprotective qualities
Safe for Pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma and severe COPD
Less CNS side effects

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21
Q

Timolol ( Timoptic)

A 
Non-selective B-blocker
Morning dosage
Crossover effect
Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia
Mask symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Symptoms exacerbated with myasthenia gravies patients
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22
Q

LEVOBUNOLOL ( betagan)

A

Similar to Timolol

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23
Q

CAIs are…

A

Topicals
Brinzolamide (Azopt)
Dorzolamide ( Trusopt)

Orals
Acetazolamide( Diamox)
Methazolamide( neptazane)

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24
Q

Prostaglandin Analogs

A 
Latanoprost ( Xalatan 0.005%)
Bimatoprost ( Lumigan 0.03%)
Travoprost ( Travatan 0.004%)
Activate Phospolipase C
Bedtime dosing
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25
Q

Prostaglandin Analogs Contraindications

A

CME patients especially cataract surgery post-op .
Cases of active inflammation
Previous episode of HS keratitis

26
Q

Conjunctival Hyperemia can occur with which Prostaglandin Analogs

A

Lumigan
Least common with Xalatan

Pruritis with Lumigan

27
Q

H1 Antihistamine

A

Emedastine ( Emadine)

Commonly used with combination
Like Naphcon A

28
Q

Mast cell stabilizers

A 
Cromolyn sodium( Crolom) QID
Lodoxamide (Alomide) QID
Pamirolast ( Alamast)
Nedocromil ( Alocril)

Preventing Ca2+ influx

29
Q

Mast cell + Antihistamine

A 
Bepotastine ( Bepreve)
Epinastine (Elestat)
Ketotifen (Zaditor)
Olopatadine ( Patanol)
Azelastine (Optivar)
Olopatadine 0.20% ( pataday)
30
Q

Potent steroid

A

Prednisolone 1%
Rimexolone ( Vexol)
Difluprednate (Durezol)
Dexamethasone ( Maxidex) 0.1%

31
Q

Soft steroids

A

Fluorometholone ( FML) 0.1%

Loteprednol ( Lotemax) 0.5%

32
Q

Topical NSAIDs

A
  • Diclofenac ( voltaren) (qid)
  • Ketorolac tromethamine (Acular LS ) (Qid)”approved for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis “
  • Nepafenac ( Nevanec) (tid)
  • Bromfenac (xibrom) (bid, contains BAK and sodium sulfite) ,Bromday (qd)
  • Flurbiprofen (Ocufen) used prior ocular surgery ( contains thimerosal)
33
Q

Topical NSAIDs side effects

A

Corneal toxicity
Corneal melting
Stinging upon instillation
Subconjunctival hemorrhage

34
Q

ARMD treatment injections

A

Pegaptanib (Macugen)

Ranibizumab ( Lucentis)

35
Q

Hyperosmotic agents

A

Glycerine ( osmoglyn)
Isosirbide ( for Diabetic patients )
Sodium Chloride ( Muro) > hypertonic solution used to decrease corneal edema

36
Q

Patient toxic reaction to preservative

A

Diffuse SPK and follicles

37
Q

Bacitracin

A

prevents transfer of peptidoglycan into the growing cell wall

38
Q

Toxoplasmosis treatment

A

Pyrimerhamine (Daraprim) given orally

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

39
Q

Polytrim is combination drug of

A

Trimethoprim + Polymyxin B
effective with gram + and -
not effective toward psudomonas

40
Q

Oral Sulfonamides can cause what in children

A

Kernicterus in infants from excess bilirubin in brain and myopic changes in ref error

41
Q

Neosporin

A

Neomycin added to Polysporin (antibiotic ointment, combination of Bacitracin (G+) + Polymyxin B (G -)

42
Q

Penicillins

A

Amoxicillin ( Principen)
Dicloxacillin ( Dynapen)
Augmentin > Clavulanic acid + Amoxicillin
(G+ and G- )
Hypersensitive reaction are common side effect

43
Q

Dicloxacillin ( Dynapen) is prescribed for ….

A

eyelid infections

  • Hordeola
  • blepharitis
44
Q

1st generation of Cephalosporins

A

G +
Cephalexin ( Keflex)
used to skin infections
Hypersensitive reaction and alters Vit K absorption

45
Q

2nd and 3rd generation of Cephalosporins

A

Ceftriaxone ( Rocephin)
G+ and G-
treatment for Gonorrhea infections
Hypersensitive reaction and alters Vit K absorption

46
Q

Fluoroquinolones 2nd generation

A

Gram (-)
Ciprofloxacin ( Ciloxan, Cipro)
-urinary and GI infections
Ofloxacin ( Ocuflox)

47
Q

Fluoroquinolones 3rd generation

A

Gram (+)
Levofloxacin (Quixin)
the only Topical NOT approved for 1 year of age and older

48
Q

Fluoroquinolones 4th generation

A

Gram (+)
Gatifloxacin ( Zymar)
Moxifloxacin ( Vigamox, Avelox)
Besifloxacin (Besivance)

49
Q

Fluoroquinolones used for ….

A

Contact lens related ulcers
corneal abrations
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Oral»> causes Tendinitis, not for pregnancy and children

50
Q

Prostaglandins side effects

A 
Conjunctival hyperemia
Iris color change
Eyelash changes
Skin pigmentation
Deepening of  upper eye lid sulcus (DUES)
51
Q

Prostaglandins side effects

A 
Conjunctival hyperemia
Iris color change
Eyelash changes
Skin pigmentation
Deepening of  upper eye lid sulcus (DUES)
52
Q

Prostaglandin systemic side effects

A

None
Prostaglandin analog reaches systemic circulation
Metabolized by liver
Elimination by kidneys
Half life 17 minutes in human plasma
In contrast to timolol no effect on blood pressure

53
Q

Prostaglandins drug interdictions

A

Eye drops containing thimerasol (preservative) will form a precipitate when mixed with latanoprost
Use 5 minutes apart

54
Q

CNS side effect of beta-blockers

A

Anxiety, depression, fatigue, lethargy, confusion, sleep disturbance, memory loss and dizziness
Sexual dysfunction
Decreased libido men and women
Impotence in men

55
Q

Apraclonidine Pharmacology and MOA

A 
More hydrophillic
Does not penetrate eyes and blood brain barrier
More apha-2 selective 
Wide therapeutic index
Mechanism of action:
Decreased aqueous production
Improves trabecular outflow
Decreases episcleral venous pressure
56
Q

Angle closure drops

A

1-Pilocarpine
Angle closure with pupillary block
1 or 2% two to 3 times in 30 minutes

57
Q

Drugs causing Whorl Keratopathy

A

CHAI-T

  • Chloroquine
  • Hydroxy Chloroquine
  • Amiodarone
  • Indomethacin
  • Tamoxifen
58
Q

Drugs causing “ Blue Sclera”

A
  • topical steroids

- Minocyclin

59
Q

Systemic SE of steroids

A 
Diabetes or insulin resistance
Peptic ulcer
Immune suppression 
Osteoporosis 
Decrease collagen ( decrease fibroblasts proliferation)
Increase HTN
60
Q

Ocular SE of steroids

A

PSC cataract
Glaucoma
Increase risk of secondary infection

61
Q

Triamcinolone (Kenalog) SE

A

Endopthalmitis
Increased IOP
De pigmentation of eyelid

62
Q

Periservitives in tear substitute

A

Methyl cellulose

Polyvinyl alcohol

NBEO Review-AA (15 decks)

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