Anatomy/Physio Flashcards
Where are the Goblet cells found?
Epithelial layer of palpebral conjunctiva. Inferonasal fornix Bulbar conjunctiva. Lacrimal sac lining Nasolacrimal duct.
Which muscle assist with tear drainage?
Muscle of Horner (part of Orbiculatis Oculi) contracts the Canaliculi.
Which muscle divides lacrimal sac into upper and lower sections.
Muscle of Horner
Which muscles originate from lesser wing of the sphenoid bone?
Levator
Superior oblique
Optic canal.
Spiral of Tillaux
The line of insertion of recti muscles is called the spiral of Tillaux which is also the line of insertion of posterior Tenon’s capsule
Which muscle lies just below the orbital bone?
Levator Muscle and Superior Rectus lies slightly below the Levator muscle.
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
Inflammation of SOF and/or cavernous sinus that’s often affects CN III, IV, V, VI ,
Resulting painful external opthalmoplegia
Carotid Cavernous Fistula is associated with
Painful red eye Chemosis Orbital bruit Pulsatile proptosis elevated IOP CN 3,4,6 palsies loss of lid/face sensation ( v1, v2)
Lacrimal artery supplies blood to,
LR and lacrimal gland
Dorsal nasal artery supplies blood to,
Lacrimal sac
Joins Angular artery
Branches into medial palpebral arteries
CN VII functions
Closes the eye Facial expression Reflex tearing 2/3 anterior taste Dampens sound
Which CN is mostly effected with ICA aneurysm in cavernous sinus?
CN VI
Which layers of the cornea will scar?
Bowman’s layer ( most anterior portion)
Anterior Stroma
What are the two layers of conjunctiva?
1- Stratified non-keratinized epithelial layer
2- Sub mucosa
-Outer lymphoid layer
-Deep fibrous layer
Refractive power of the lens is
20D (1/3 the total refractive power of the eye)
Peripheral flattening and a gradient index of refraction, helps
Reduce spherical aberration
Lens zonules are made from
BM of Non-pigmented ciliary epithelium, pars plana
Which layer of sclera is highly vascular? Which layer is the innermost layer?
Episclera > highly vascular
Lamina fusca > innermost layer and contains elastin fibers and melanocytes
Where is the sub-Tenon’s injection?
Between Tenon’s and Episclera
Conjunctival epithelium Conjunctival stroma Tenon's capsule Episclera Sclera proper Lamina fusca
Schwalbe’s line
Represent the termination of Descemet’s membrane
Posterior embryotoxin
Represents an anteriorly displaced Schwalbe’s line
Which type of cells provide nutrients to the retina and aid in glycogen metabolism?
Muller cells
- also maintain alignment of other neurons
- act as buffer
- absorb and recycle metabolic waste products
The primary source of energy of retina is
Glucose produced via anaerobic glycolysis. Excess glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in muller cells
What are the Neuroglial cells of the retina ?
Muller cells
Astrocytes
Microglial cells
CN VI palsy results from
Increased ICP
ICA aneurysm within cavernous sinus
Pt present with Diplopia and head turn toward affected side
Patient with Superior Oblique palsy will present
Tilting head away from the affected side and toward the lesion.
A lesio of the right SR sub-nucleus will result in …
Poor control of the left SR muscle
Lesion of the Levator palpebrae subnucleus will result in
Sudden onset of bilateral ptosis
What is the secondary and tertiary of SR action
Intorsion
Adduction
What is the secondary and tertiary of IR action
Extorsion
Adduction
WHY RCE happens
Poor adhesion of corneal epithelial cells and basement membrane
Common cause of Neurotrophic Keratitis
Herpes simplex
Herpes Zoster
Stroke
DM
What is the primary protein that protects the lens from oxidative damage?
Glutathione
What is super high in lens ,aq and vitreous?
Lactic Acid
What is vitreous sundress
Process of vitreous liquefaction and condensation
Common cause of PVD
The most likely location of tear from PVD is
Ora-Serata which is tightest attachment. Gonioscopy lens to observe.
Ocular perfusion pressure
Diastolic BP-IOP
Patients with low OPP are 1.5X more likely to get optic neuropathy secondary to ischemia
Two conditions that increase EVP
Sturg-Weber syndrome
Arteriovenous Fistulas
