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NBEO Review-AA > Anatomy/Physio > Flashcards

Anatomy/Physio Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the Goblet cells found?

A 
Epithelial layer of palpebral conjunctiva.
Inferonasal fornix 
Bulbar conjunctiva. 
Lacrimal sac lining
Nasolacrimal duct.
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2
Q

Which muscle assist with tear drainage?

A

Muscle of Horner (part of Orbiculatis Oculi) contracts the Canaliculi.

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3
Q

Which muscle divides lacrimal sac into upper and lower sections.

A

Muscle of Horner

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4
Q

Which muscles originate from lesser wing of the sphenoid bone?

A

Levator
Superior oblique
Optic canal.

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5
Q

Spiral of Tillaux

A

The line of insertion of recti muscles is called the spiral of Tillaux which is also the line of insertion of posterior Tenon’s capsule

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6
Q

Which muscle lies just below the orbital bone?

A

Levator Muscle and Superior Rectus lies slightly below the Levator muscle.

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7
Q

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome

A

Inflammation of SOF and/or cavernous sinus that’s often affects CN III, IV, V, VI ,
Resulting painful external opthalmoplegia

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8
Q

Carotid Cavernous Fistula is associated with

A 
Painful red eye
Chemosis
Orbital bruit
Pulsatile proptosis
elevated IOP
CN 3,4,6 palsies
loss of lid/face sensation ( v1, v2)
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9
Q

Lacrimal artery supplies blood to,

A

LR and lacrimal gland

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10
Q

Dorsal nasal artery supplies blood to,

A

Lacrimal sac
Joins Angular artery
Branches into medial palpebral arteries

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11
Q

CN VII functions

A 
Closes the eye
Facial expression 
Reflex tearing
2/3 anterior taste
Dampens sound
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12
Q

Which CN is mostly effected with ICA aneurysm in cavernous sinus?

A

CN VI

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13
Q

Which layers of the cornea will scar?

A

Bowman’s layer ( most anterior portion)

Anterior Stroma

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14
Q

What are the two layers of conjunctiva?

A

1- Stratified non-keratinized epithelial layer
2- Sub mucosa
-Outer lymphoid layer
-Deep fibrous layer

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15
Q

Refractive power of the lens is

A

20D (1/3 the total refractive power of the eye)

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16
Q

Peripheral flattening and a gradient index of refraction, helps

A

Reduce spherical aberration

17
Q

Lens zonules are made from

A

BM of Non-pigmented ciliary epithelium, pars plana

18
Q

Which layer of sclera is highly vascular? Which layer is the innermost layer?

A

Episclera > highly vascular

Lamina fusca > innermost layer and contains elastin fibers and melanocytes

19
Q

Where is the sub-Tenon’s injection?

A

Between Tenon’s and Episclera

Conjunctival epithelium 
Conjunctival stroma 
Tenon's capsule 
Episclera 
Sclera proper
Lamina fusca
20
Q

Schwalbe’s line

A

Represent the termination of Descemet’s membrane

21
Q

Posterior embryotoxin

A

Represents an anteriorly displaced Schwalbe’s line

22
Q

Which type of cells provide nutrients to the retina and aid in glycogen metabolism?

A

Muller cells

  • also maintain alignment of other neurons
  • act as buffer
  • absorb and recycle metabolic waste products
23
Q

The primary source of energy of retina is

A

Glucose produced via anaerobic glycolysis. Excess glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in muller cells

24
Q

What are the Neuroglial cells of the retina ?

A

Muller cells
Astrocytes
Microglial cells

25
Q

CN VI palsy results from

A

Increased ICP
ICA aneurysm within cavernous sinus
Pt present with Diplopia and head turn toward affected side

26
Q

Patient with Superior Oblique palsy will present

A

Tilting head away from the affected side and toward the lesion.

27
Q

A lesio of the right SR sub-nucleus will result in …

A

Poor control of the left SR muscle

28
Q

Lesion of the Levator palpebrae subnucleus will result in

A

Sudden onset of bilateral ptosis

29
Q

What is the secondary and tertiary of SR action

A

Intorsion

Adduction

30
Q

What is the secondary and tertiary of IR action

A

Extorsion

Adduction

31
Q

WHY RCE happens

A

Poor adhesion of corneal epithelial cells and basement membrane

32
Q

Common cause of Neurotrophic Keratitis

A

Herpes simplex
Herpes Zoster
Stroke
DM

33
Q

What is the primary protein that protects the lens from oxidative damage?

A

Glutathione

34
Q

What is super high in lens ,aq and vitreous?

A

Lactic Acid

35
Q

What is vitreous sundress

A

Process of vitreous liquefaction and condensation

Common cause of PVD

36
Q

The most likely location of tear from PVD is

A

Ora-Serata which is tightest attachment. Gonioscopy lens to observe.

37
Q

Ocular perfusion pressure

A

Diastolic BP-IOP

Patients with low OPP are 1.5X more likely to get optic neuropathy secondary to ischemia

38
Q

Two conditions that increase EVP

A

Sturg-Weber syndrome

Arteriovenous Fistulas

NBEO Review-AA (15 decks)

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