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Echo 3 > Systemic Hypertension > Flashcards

Systemic Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

Why does the LA enlarge in the setting of longstanding HTN?

A

Due to increased filling pressures and DDFXN

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2
Q

What complications in the heart can arise from HTN?

A

LVH, IHD/CAD/MI, arrhythmias, CHF

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3
Q

What is secondary HTN?

A

Due to underlying disease

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4
Q

What is the mean arterial pressure equation?

A

mAP = CO x SVR

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5
Q

What is the pulse pressure of the following blood pressure:

BP = 160/98

A

62 mmHg
160 - 98 = 62
The pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic BPs

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6
Q

What increases CO?

A

Increase in SV, HR, preload, blood volume

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7
Q

What causes an increase in SVR?

A

Vascular structure or function changes like caffeine, nicotine, stress, alcohol, sedentary lifestyle

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8
Q

How is compliance related to pulse pressure?

A

A stiffer vessel has a higher PP while a compliant vessel has a lower PP

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9
Q

A patient with increased LV RWT but normal LV mass index would have which type of geometric remodeling?

A

Concentric remodelling

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10
Q

What are 4 risk factors for essential HTN?

A

Older age, being male, ethnicity, lifestyle factors (smoking, stress, alcohol, etc)

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11
Q

How does HTN affect the LA?

A

Increases the dimension

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12
Q

True or false. Many aspects of hypertension are lifestyle related

A

True

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13
Q

What is the relative wall thickness formula and what is normal?

A 
RWT = 2PWd/LVIDd
Normal = <0.42
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14
Q

What is considered HTN?

A

High BP in 2 readings greater than 140/90

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15
Q

What is the diastolic/systolic equation for mAP?

A

mAP= [(2xdiastolic) + si=systolic]/3

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16
Q

What are some causes of secondary HTN?

A

Renal disease, endocrine/hormonal disease, vascular disease, CNS increase

17
Q

What 4 drugs help control HTN?

A

Diuretics (lower blood volume), beta blockers (lower HR), calcium channel blockers (lower afterload), ACE inhibitors (lower afterload)

18
Q

What will increase mAP?

A

Anything that increase CO or SVR such as BP

19
Q

What 5 pathologies are associated with HTN?

A

MAC, AV sclerosis, dilated ascending aorta, AI, atherosclerosis of the aorta

20
Q

Why does blood pressure usually drop a few minutes post exercise compared to pre exercise?

A

There is vasodilation post exercise

21
Q

What are 4 metabolic causes of essential (primary) HTN?

A

High cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle

22
Q

What does HTN do to the geometry of the LV?

A

Causes concentric remodelling

23
Q

What is the only cardiac cause of HTN?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

24
Q

What is the LV mass index equation?

A

LV Mass / BSA

25
Q

How much of the cardiac cycle is systole and diastole?

A

Systole is 1/3 and diastole is 2/3

26
Q

What are the two most common structural changes to the heart with longstanding systemic hypertension?

A

LVH and LA enlargement

Echo 3 (18 decks)

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