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Echo 3 > IHD > Flashcards

IHD Flashcards

1
Q

What is the progression of events when a cardiac arrest occurs?

A

MI -> Arrhythmia-> Asystole

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2
Q

Briefly describe Kawasaki Disease

A

Inflammation of the walls of medium sized arteries, including CAs
Typically in kids
May cause a MI

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3
Q

Compare and contrast STEMI and NSTEMI

A
  • STEMI: transmural (the whole thickness of the muscle, endocardium to epicardium) with ST elevation
  • NSTEMI: only a zone of ischemia with a small zone of cell death, causes a depressed ST segment
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4
Q

A basal septal focal hypertrophy

A

Sigmoid septum

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5
Q

True vs pseudoaneurysm

A

True aneurysms have thin walls and wide necks

Pseudoaneurysms occur where the wall ruptures and have a narrow neck

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6
Q

Compare and contrast STEMI and NSTEMI

A
  • STEMI: transmural (the whole thickness of the muscle, endocardium to epicardium) with ST elevation
  • NSTEMI: only a zone of ischemia with a small zone of cell death, causes a depressed ST segment
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7
Q

What is another name for microvascular angina?

A

Cardiac syndrome x

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8
Q

Define ischemic heart disease

A

A blockage in the coronary artery that is sufficient enough to prevent enough blood and oxygen supply to the myocardium

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9
Q

Name 5 non-atherosclerotic causes of IHD

A
  1. Cocaine/amphetamines
  2. Radiation therapy
  3. Coronary spasm
  4. Arteritis/vasculitis
  5. Trauma
  6. Embolus into CA
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10
Q

What are the 2 types of MI?

A

STEMI and NSTEMI

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11
Q

Compare and contrast stable/unstable angina

A
  • Stable: predictable and regular, cause by stable plaque, manageable with meds/rest
  • Unstable: more intense, not predictable, may be from plaque rupture, may require immediate procedure (bypass or PCI)
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12
Q

Two most common symptoms in Ischemic heart disease

A

SOB and angina

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13
Q

Name 5 non-atherosclerotic causes of IHD

A
  1. Cocaine/amphetamines
  2. Radiation therapy
  3. Coronary spasm
  4. Arteritis/vasculitis
  5. Trauma
  6. Embolus into CA
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14
Q

What is a benefit for using a beta blocker in patients with Ischemic heart disease?

A

It lowers heart rate so it will offset the normal tachycardia that happens when SV and CO drops in IHD.

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15
Q

Acute pericarditis vs Dressler’s Syndrome

A

Acute: 1-4 days post MI due to autoimmune response

Dressler’s: delayed pericarditis, 1-8 weeks post MI

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16
Q

What’s a PCI?

A

Angioplasty with stenting

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17
Q

True vs pseudoaneurysm

A

True aneurysms have thin walls and wide necks

Pseudoaneurysms occur where the wall ruptures and have a narrow neck

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18
Q

A basal septal focal hypertrophy

A

Sigmoid septum

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19
Q

Why are nitrates given to cardiac patients?

A

It is a powerful vasodilator that can help more flow travel through a blocked area. It also lowers the afterload due to peripheral vasodilation.

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20
Q

What are the 2 categories of IHD etiology. Which is most common?

A

Atherosclerotic: more common

Non-atherosclerotic

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21
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing IHD?

A

Coronary angiogram

22
Q

What is another name for microvascular angina?

A

Cardiac syndrome x

23
Q

Elevated ST segment

A

STEMI

24
Q

Define ischemic heart disease

A

A blockage in the coronary artery that is sufficient enough to prevent enough blood and oxygen supply to the myocardium

25
Q

Ischemia vs infarction

A

Ischemia is a lack of blood and oxygen supply

Infarction is ischemia that has progressed to the point of damage

26
Q

What is a CABG? What vessel is usually harvested for it?

A

It is open heart surgery (bypass). Usually the GSV

27
Q

Reasons to slow the HR

A
  1. More ventricular filling
  2. The CA can fill longer as they only fill during diastole
  3. Lowers BP
  4. Lowers afterload
  5. Lowers oxygen demand
28
Q

When does cell death start to happen in an infarction?

A

Starts within 1 hour and is complete by 4 hours

29
Q

Depressed ST segment

A

NSTEMI

30
Q

Depressed ST segment

A

NSTEMI

31
Q

When does cell death start to happen in an infarction?

A

Starts within 1 hour and is complete by 4 hours

32
Q

What are the 2 categories of IHD etiology. Which is most common?

A

Atherosclerotic: more common

Non-atherosclerotic

33
Q

What is a CABG? What vessel is usually harvested for it?

A

It is open heart surgery (bypass). Usually the GSV

34
Q

What is the progression of events when a cardiac arrest occurs?

A

MI -> Arrhythmia-> Asystole

35
Q

What’s a PCI?

A

Angioplasty with stenting

36
Q

Arrhythmia that usually precedes cardiac arrest (asystole)

A

Ventricular tachycardia (VT)

37
Q

Acute pericarditis vs Dressler’s Syndrome

A

Acute: 1-4 days post MI due to autoimmune response

Dressler’s: delayed pericarditis, 1-8 weeks post MI

38
Q

What is Variant Angina/Prinzmetal’s Angina?

A

Caused by coronary artery spasm between 1-6am

39
Q

What are 4 post MI complications?

A
  1. MR due to pap muscle dysfunction
  2. Thrombus
  3. Aneurysms
  4. Pericarditis
  5. Acquired VSD
  6. CHF
  7. Ventricular arrhythmia
40
Q

What is Variant Angina/Prinzmetal’s Angina?

A

Caused by coronary artery spasm between 1-6am

41
Q

Ischemia vs infarction

A

Ischemia is a lack of blood and oxygen supply

Infarction is ischemia that has progressed to the point of damage

42
Q

Compare and contrast stable/unstable angina

A
  • Stable: predictable and regular, cause by stable plaque, manageable with meds/rest
  • Unstable: more intense, not predictable, may be from plaque rupture, may require immediate procedure (bypass or PCI)
43
Q

Elevated ST segment

A

STEMI

44
Q

What are some risk factors of IHD?

A

Age, smoking, diabetes, HTN, dyslipidemia, obesity, family history, sedentary lifestyle

45
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing IHD?

A

Coronary angiogram

46
Q

What are the 2 types of MI?

A

STEMI and NSTEMI

47
Q

What are some risk factors of IHD?

A

Age, smoking, diabetes, HTN, dyslipidemia, obesity, family history, sedentary lifestyle

48
Q

What are 4 post MI complications?

A
  1. MR due to pap muscle dysfunction
  2. Thrombus
  3. Aneurysms
  4. Pericarditis
  5. Acquired VSD
  6. CHF
  7. Ventricular arrhythmia
49
Q

Briefly describe Kawasaki Disease

A

Inflammation of the walls of medium sized arteries, including CAs
Typically in kids
May cause a MI

50
Q

The biggest difference between stable and unstable angina

A

Unstable angina is not predictable and can be more severe

Echo 3 (18 decks)

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