Systemic Disease Flashcards
How does diabetes cause retinopathy?
Hyperglycaemia = glycosylation of basement membrane = loss of pericytes = microaneurysm = ischaemia and leakage
Signs of non-proliferative retinopathy
Cotton wool spots (ischaemia)
Hard exudate (yellow)
IRMA
Dot and blot haemorrhages
Why does neovascularisation occur?
Ischaemia = release of vEGF
Treatment of diabetic retinopathy
Laser
Vitrectomy
anti-vEGF
Features of hypertensive retinopathy
Attenuated BVs - copper/silver wiring (train tracking) Cotton wool spots Hard exudates Retinal haemorrhage Optic disc oedema
Symptoms and signs of CRAO
Sudden painless LOV More profound LOV Cherry red spot Pale fundus Train tracks Swollen blurred disc
Symptoms and signs of CRVO
Sudden painless LOV
Blot haemorrhages
Features of sarcoid
White cells back of cornea
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Afro-Caribbean
Vasculitis
Features of GCA
Associated with PMR
Inflammation of middle sized arteries
Headache, tender scalp, jaw claudication, malaise, weight loss, raised PV
Swollen disc
Thyroid eye signs
Proptosis Lid lag Lid retraction Oedema Diplopia Swelling of extraocular muscles and fat
Eye in SLE
Episcleritis
Scleritis
Eye in RA
Corneal melt
Sicca
Scleritis
Triad in sjogrens
Xerostomia
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
RA
Features in marfan’s
high arched palate
dislocated lens
SJS
Form of TEN
Symblepharon (band of scar tissue)
Corneal ulcers
Occlusion of lacrimal glands
