Red Eye

Question 1

Subconjunctival haemorrhage

Answer 1

Bleeding between conjunctiva and episclera
Older, fragile BVs, warfarin/aspirin, cough/sneeze
Painless, self-limiting

Question 2

Orbital cellulitis

Answer 2

Proptosis, severe pain, decreased vision

IV antibiotics

Question 3

Ectropion

Answer 3

Lids turned inwards

Dry, exposed, abrasions, keratitis

Question 4

AACG symptoms and signs

Answer 4

Hard eye
Severe pain
N+V
Circumcorneal injection, cloudy cornea
Mid-dilated pupil

Question 5

Anterior blepharitis

Answer 5

Inflammation of eyelid margin
Sebhorrheic: scales, dandruff, red margin, no ulcers, lashes ok
Staph: red margin, ulcers, styes, lashes stuck together (teepee sign), ingrowing lashes (trichiasis)

Question 6

Posterior blepharitis

Answer 6

Meibomian gland infection = chalazion/cyst
Red lid, tender
Margin normal, lashes normal
Rosacea

Question 7

Trichiasis

Answer 7

Ingrowing lashes (seen in staph anterior blepharitis)

Question 8

Treatment of blepharitis

Answer 8

Lid hygiene - warm compress, bathing
Tear drops
Doxycycline

Question 9

Symptoms of conjunctivitis

Answer 9

Red eye (towards fornices)
Gritty eye
Discharge
Itch (allergy)
Chemosis (oedema)

Question 10

Papillae inside lids

Answer 10

Bacterial

Red dot in centre

Question 11

Follicles inside lids

Answer 11

Viral
Chlamydial
Allergic
Pale, red at periphery

Question 12

Pre-auricular glands

Answer 12

Viral

Chlamydial

Question 13

Cause of bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 13

Staph aureus, Step pneumoniae, Haem influenzae

Question 14

Chronic conjunctivitis

Answer 14

More than 4 weeks

Causes: blepharitis, sicca, chlamydia, dacrocystitis, sensitivity to glaucoma meds (after 1 year), FB

Question 15

Keratitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of cornea

Question 16

Central corneal ulcer

Answer 16

Infective
Viral - herpes zoster/simplex
Fungal
Bacterial - young, dry eyes
Acanthamoeba - young, contacts

Question 17

Peripheral corneal ulcer

Answer 17

Autoimmune
RA
Hypersensitivity
GPA

Question 18

Symptoms and signs of corneal ulcer

Answer 18

Sharp pain
Photophobia
Profuse lacrimation
Red eye (circumcorneal)
Reduced vision
Abnormal corneal reflex
Corneal opacity
Staining with fluorescein
Hypopyon

Question 19

Features of herpetic ulcer

Answer 19

Decreased corneal sensation
Dendritic ulcer
Recurrent in same eye

Question 20

Treatment of corneal ulcer

Answer 20

Scrape - LA
Ofloxacin hourly
Aciclovir
Steroids

Question 21

Causes of anterior uveitis

Answer 21

Autoimmune: RA, Sarcoid, UC, AS, Reiter’s
Malignancy: Leukaemia
Infective: TB, syphylis, herpes simplex/zoster
Trauma

Question 22

Symptoms and signs of anterior uveitis

Answer 22

Achy pain
Reduced vision
Photophobia
Red eye
Circumcorneal injection
Hypopyon
Cells in anterior chamber
Synechiae (small/irregular pupil)

Question 23

Synechiae

Answer 23

Small/irregular pupil

Question 24

Treatment of anterior uveitis

Answer 24

Steroids
Mydriatic - cycopentolate
Invx systemic causes

Question 25

Episcleritis

Answer 25

Tired dry eyes
Associated with gout
Blanching on applying vasoconstrictor

Question 26

Treatment of episcleritis

Answer 26

Self limiting, lubricant, NSAID, steroid

Question 27

Scleritis

Answer 27

RA and GPA
Very painful
No blanching with vasoconstrictor
Vessels engorged and tortuous

Question 28

treatment of scleritis

Answer 28

NSAID
steroid
steroid sparing agent

Question 29

Normal IOP

Answer 29

10-20mmHg

Question 30

AACG is more common in:

Answer 30

Elderly

Long sighted