systemic and opportunistic Flashcards
1
Q
systemic mycoses is caused by
A
truly pathogenic
2
Q
Organs involved
A
liver lungs brain
3
Q
systemic fungi also known as
A
dimorphic fungal pathogens
4
Q
yeast form
A
- spherule and parasitic
5
Q
mold form
A
saprobic
6
Q
Blastomycosis also known as
A
- Gilchrist disease
- North American blastomycosis
- Chicago disease
7
Q
Causative agent of Blastomycosis
A
Blastomyces dermatitidis
8
Q
Geo of Blastomycosis
A
North America and parts of Africa
9
Q
Source of infection
A
Soil, wood, leaves
10
Q
Mode of transmission
A
inhalation
11
Q
How long symptoms appears in blastomycosis
A
3 weeks to 3 months
12
Q
Pathogeneis of blastomycosis
A
- Asymptomatic
- Chronic pneumonia
- Disseminated disease
- Cutaneous blastomycosis
13
Q
Blastomycosis is more common in male or female?
A
Male because of outdoor occupation or activities
14
Q
Blastomyces dermatitidis sexual form
A
teleomorph or asexual.
15
Q
Blastomyces dermatitidis also known as
A
Ajellomyces dermatitidis
16
Q
Blastomyces yeast form
A
broad based buds
17
Q
Blastomyces mold form
A
Ovoid to dumbbell shaped
18
Q
Blastomyces colony
A
Slow to moderate growth, white to dark tan, young colony - tenacious ; older colonies - glabrous to woolly
19
Q
Paracoccidioidomycosis also known as
A
- South American blastomycosis
- Brazilian blastomycosis
- Lutz Splendore Almeida disease
- Paracoccidioidal granuloma
20
Q
Paracoccidioidomycosis causative agent
A
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
21
Q
Paracoccidioidomycosis geo:
A
Central and South America
22
Q
Paracoccidioidomycosis MOT
A
inhalation
23
Q
In Paracoccidioidomycosis, the adult are affected in
A
- lungs and causes lesion in mouth and throat
24
Q
In Paracoccidioidomycosis, the children are affected in
A
Swollen lymph nodes and skin lesions
25
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast form
- multipolar budding / mariner's wheel / narrow based buds
- few buds / mickey mouse cap
26
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis mold form
Ovoid to dumbbell shaped
27
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis colony
Slow to moderate growth, white to dark tan, young colony - tenacious ; older colonies - glabrous to woolly
28
Coccidiomycosis also known as
- San Joaquin valley fever
- Valley fever
- desert rheuatism
29
Coccidiomycosis geo
California
Desert southwest of the United States
Mexico
South America
30
Coccidiomycosis MOT
Inhalation containing arthrospores of fungus
31
erythema nodosum
desert bumps
32
erythema multiforme
valley fever
33
arthritis
desert rheumatism
34
Coccidiomycosis causative agent
- Coccidioides immitis
- Coccidioides posadasii
35
Secondary coccidioidomycosis
nodules, cavitary lung disease, progressive pulmonary disease
36
What race have high risk in multisystem dissemination
- Filipinos
- Blacks
37
Most virulent of all human mycotic agents
Coccidioides immitis
38
Coccidioides immitis also known as
Great imitator
39
Coccidioides immitis yeast form
produce spherules with numerous endospores
40
Coccidioides immitis mold form
presence of arthroconidia with disjunctor cells
41
Histoplasmosis also known as
Cave disease
Spelunker's disease
Darling disease
reticuloendothelial cytomycosis
42
Histoplasmosis geo
Ohio, Missouri, Mississippi river valley
43
Usually limited and asymptomatic - with heavy exposure however acute pulmonary disease can occur
Histoplasmosis
44
primarily an infection of the lungs - acquired by inhalation of dust containing athrospores
Coccidioidomycosis
45
Primary pulmonary infection - spreads by hematogenous route
paracoccidioidomycosis
46
Histoplasmosis causative agent
Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum
47
Histoplasmosis pathogenesis
- pulmonary infection
- mediastinal fibrosis
- disseminated histoplasmosis
- skin and mucosa
48
resides in soil with a high nitrogen content typically soils infected with bats and bird's poop
Histoplasma capsulatum
49
Histoplamsa capsulatum yeast form
seen inside monocytes and macrophages
50
Histoplamsa capsulatum mold form
large echinulate/tuberculate
51
Histoplamsa capsulatum colony
white to brownish mold
52
African histoplasmosis is caused by
Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii
53
H. capsulatum var. duboisii yeast form
larger cell 12-15 micrometer in diameter
54
Penicilliosis marneffei causative agent
Penicillium marneffei
55
Penicilliosis marneffei source of infection
soil
bamboo
rat.
56
Penicilliosis marneffei geo
Southeast asia
57
Penicilliosis marneffei yeast form
sausage shaped
globose to elongated
58
Disseminated infection in penicilliosis marneffei
skin, soft tissues, viscera
59
Disseminated infection in Blastomycosis
skin, bone, genitourinary, CNS
60
Disseminated infection in Paracoccidioidomycosis
skin, mucosa, bones, lymph nodes, viscera, meninges)
61
Disseminated infection in Coccidioidomycosis
skin, bones, joints, meninges
62
Disseminated infection in Histoplasmosis duboisii
skin and bone
63
Penicilliosis marneffei resembles
HCT
Histoplasmosis
Cryptococcosis
Tuberculosis
64
infectious cause by ubiquitous, low virulence fungi which requires host defenses to be lowered before it is established
opportunistic mycosez
65
example of opportunistic mycoses
Candida species
66
reproduce sexually (either
by ascospores or basidiospores)
truly yeast
67
Example of truly yeast
Cryptococcus
68
no sexual reproduction
or no sexual state
Yeast-like fungi
69
Ex of yeast like
. Candida spp.
70
Ex of filamentous fungi
Aspergillus, Mucor, Absidia,
Rhizopus, Cephalosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium,
Geotrichum, Scopulariopsis
71
opportunistic endogenous infection
CANDIDIASIS
72
– infection of the oral mucosa (most widely
recognized manifestations of C. albicans infection)
Thrush
73
fourth most common cause of
bloodborne infection in the United States,
accounting for 10% to 15% of all hospitalacquired septicemias.
C. albicans
74
is higher in older adults than in young
adults and children
C. glabrata
75
inherently resistant to the azole class of
antifungal drugs, identification of this
species is essential to proper clinical
management of the patient
C. krusei
76
premier cause of yeast infection in
the world
C. albicans
77
second most common Candida sp.
to cause disease (account for 21% of all urinary
yeast isolates)
C. glabrata
78
has been shown to be prevalent in patients
with hematologic malignancies, especially
those who are neutropenic
C. tropicalis
79
prevalent in patients with
hematologic malignancies
C. tropicalis
80
Is also the second most commonly isolated
Candida spp
C. parapsilosis
81
major cause of outbreaks of
nosocomial infections
o is the primary cause of fungemia in the
neonatal intensive care unit
C. parapsilosis`
82
Candida pathogenesis
A. Superficial (cutaneous or mucosal) candidiasis
B. Systemic candidiasis
C. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
83
SUPERFICIAL (CUTANEOUS OR MUCOSAL) CANDIDIASIS DIVIDED INTO TWO
Mucocutaneous lesions
Skin and Nail Infection
84
creamy white patches appear on the tongue or
buccal mucosa
− common in bottle-fed infants and the aged and debilitated
Oral Thrush
85
Secretion of vaginal area
Vulvovaginitis (vaginal thrush)
86
quickest/most common way to
diagnose yeast vaginitis is to
saline wet mount
87
inflammation of glans penis
Balanitis
88
inflammation of
conjuctiva
Conjunctivitis
89
– inflammation of cornea
Keratitis
90
Enumerate Mucocutaneous lesions
Oral Thrush
Vulvovaginitis
Balanitis
Conjunctivitis
Keratitis
91
reveals a raw bleeding surface when scraped;
Pseudomembranous type
92
flat, red, occasionally
sore areas
Erythematous type
93
—nonremovable white
thickening of epithelium caused by candida spp
Candida leukoplakia—
94
sore fissures at the corners
of the mouth
Angular cheilitis
95
skin folds are
involved
Intertriginous infection
96
Example of Intertriginous infection
under the boobs, under the neck
97
between the
fingers follows repeated prolonged
immersion in water
Interdigital involvement
98
Candida invasion of the
nails and around the nail plate (paronychia)
Onychomycosis
99
in infants
o Rashes typical in babies or infants
Napkin dermatitis
100
Enumerate skin and Nail Infection
Intertriginous infection
Interdigital involvement
Onychomycosis
Napkin dermatitis
101
the two most common type of
systemic candidiasis
Intestinal candidiasis
Bronchopulmonary candidiasis
Other systemic candidiasis:
3. Septicemia
4. Endocarditis
5. Meningitis
6. Kidney infections
7. Urinary tract infections
102
a frequent sequel to oral antibiotic therapy and may
present as diarrhea not responding to treatment
Intestinal candidiasis
103
form of pulmonary fungal infection and refers to an
opportunistic infection of the lung with C. albicans
Bronchopulmonary candidiasis
104
Associated with cellular immunodeficiencies and
endocrinopathies, and result in chronic
superficial disfiguring infections of any or all
areas of skin or mucosa.
CHRONIC MUCOCUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS
105
CRYPTOCOCCOSIS also known as
Torulosis, European blastomycosis, Busse–
buschke disease
106
CRYPTOCOCCOSIS causative agent
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii
Cryptococcus gattii
107
cause most of infections; most notable pathogen in
this genus
C. neoformans
108
major cause of opportunistic infection in patients
with AIDS
C. neoformans
109
C. neoformans habitat
soil contaminated with pigeon droppings
110
= detected using India
ink/Nigrosin (clear, unstained yeast cells w/ halo
against black background)
cryptococcal meningitis
111
cryptococus in gram stain
“starburst pattern
112
neoformans var. grubii antisera
serotype A
113
neoformans var. neoformans antisera
serotype D
114
C. neoformans var. gattii antisra
serotype B or C
115
Occurs worldwide as its causative agent is
ubiquitous saprophytes
ASPERGILLOSIS
116
referred to as fungus ball
Aspergilloma
117
single most predictive factor for
developing aspergillosis
Neutropenia
118
ASPERGILLOSIS causative agent
Aspergillus sp.
119
MUCORMYCOSIS causative agent
Mucorales
120
PENICILLIOSIS (TALAROMYCOSIS) causative agent
Penicillium sp
121
in immunocompromised patients, serious lifethreatening pneumonia can develop
PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA
122
PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA causative agent
Pneumocystis jirovecii
123
initially was identified as the causative agent in
interstitial plasma cell pneumonia seen -
malnourished or premature infants
PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA
