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MYCV311 > systemic and opportunistic > Flashcards

systemic and opportunistic Flashcards

1
Q

systemic mycoses is caused by

A

truly pathogenic

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2
Q

Organs involved

A

liver lungs brain

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3
Q

systemic fungi also known as

A

dimorphic fungal pathogens

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4
Q

yeast form

A
  • spherule and parasitic
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5
Q

mold form

A

saprobic

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6
Q

Blastomycosis also known as

A
  • Gilchrist disease
  • North American blastomycosis
  • Chicago disease
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7
Q

Causative agent of Blastomycosis

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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8
Q

Geo of Blastomycosis

A

North America and parts of Africa

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9
Q

Source of infection

A

Soil, wood, leaves

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10
Q

Mode of transmission

A

inhalation

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11
Q

How long symptoms appears in blastomycosis

A

3 weeks to 3 months

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12
Q

Pathogeneis of blastomycosis

A
  • Asymptomatic
  • Chronic pneumonia
  • Disseminated disease
  • Cutaneous blastomycosis
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13
Q

Blastomycosis is more common in male or female?

A

Male because of outdoor occupation or activities

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14
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis sexual form

A

teleomorph or asexual.

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15
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis also known as

A

Ajellomyces dermatitidis

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16
Q

Blastomyces yeast form

A

broad based buds

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17
Q

Blastomyces mold form

A

Ovoid to dumbbell shaped

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18
Q

Blastomyces colony

A

Slow to moderate growth, white to dark tan, young colony - tenacious ; older colonies - glabrous to woolly

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19
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis also known as

A
  • South American blastomycosis
  • Brazilian blastomycosis
  • Lutz Splendore Almeida disease
  • Paracoccidioidal granuloma
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20
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis causative agent

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

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21
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis geo:

A

Central and South America

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22
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis MOT

A

inhalation

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23
Q

In Paracoccidioidomycosis, the adult are affected in

A
  • lungs and causes lesion in mouth and throat
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24
Q

In Paracoccidioidomycosis, the children are affected in

A

Swollen lymph nodes and skin lesions

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25
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast form

A
  • multipolar budding / mariner’s wheel / narrow based buds
  • few buds / mickey mouse cap
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26
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis mold form

A

Ovoid to dumbbell shaped

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27
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis colony

A

Slow to moderate growth, white to dark tan, young colony - tenacious ; older colonies - glabrous to woolly

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28
Q

Coccidiomycosis also known as

A
  • San Joaquin valley fever
  • Valley fever
  • desert rheuatism
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29
Q

Coccidiomycosis geo

A

California
Desert southwest of the United States
Mexico
South America

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30
Q

Coccidiomycosis MOT

A

Inhalation containing arthrospores of fungus

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31
Q

erythema nodosum

A

desert bumps

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32
Q

erythema multiforme

A

valley fever

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33
Q

arthritis

A

desert rheumatism

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34
Q

Coccidiomycosis causative agent

A
  • Coccidioides immitis
  • Coccidioides posadasii
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35
Q

Secondary coccidioidomycosis

A

nodules, cavitary lung disease, progressive pulmonary disease

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36
Q

What race have high risk in multisystem dissemination

A
  • Filipinos
  • Blacks
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37
Q

Most virulent of all human mycotic agents

A

Coccidioides immitis

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38
Q

Coccidioides immitis also known as

A

Great imitator

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39
Q

Coccidioides immitis yeast form

A

produce spherules with numerous endospores

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40
Q

Coccidioides immitis mold form

A

presence of arthroconidia with disjunctor cells

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41
Q

Histoplasmosis also known as

A

Cave disease
Spelunker’s disease
Darling disease
reticuloendothelial cytomycosis

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42
Q

Histoplasmosis geo

A

Ohio, Missouri, Mississippi river valley

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43
Q

Usually limited and asymptomatic - with heavy exposure however acute pulmonary disease can occur

A

Histoplasmosis

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44
Q

primarily an infection of the lungs - acquired by inhalation of dust containing athrospores

A

Coccidioidomycosis

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45
Q

Primary pulmonary infection - spreads by hematogenous route

A

paracoccidioidomycosis

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46
Q

Histoplasmosis causative agent

A

Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum

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47
Q

Histoplasmosis pathogenesis

A
  • pulmonary infection
  • mediastinal fibrosis
  • disseminated histoplasmosis
  • skin and mucosa
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48
Q

resides in soil with a high nitrogen content typically soils infected with bats and bird’s poop

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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49
Q

Histoplamsa capsulatum yeast form

A

seen inside monocytes and macrophages

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50
Q

Histoplamsa capsulatum mold form

A

large echinulate/tuberculate

51
Q

Histoplamsa capsulatum colony

A

white to brownish mold

52
Q

African histoplasmosis is caused by

A

Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii

53
Q

H. capsulatum var. duboisii yeast form

A

larger cell 12-15 micrometer in diameter

54
Q

Penicilliosis marneffei causative agent

A

Penicillium marneffei

55
Q

Penicilliosis marneffei source of infection

A

soil
bamboo
rat.

56
Q

Penicilliosis marneffei geo

A

Southeast asia

57
Q

Penicilliosis marneffei yeast form

A

sausage shaped
globose to elongated

58
Q

Disseminated infection in penicilliosis marneffei

A

skin, soft tissues, viscera

59
Q

Disseminated infection in Blastomycosis

A

skin, bone, genitourinary, CNS

60
Q

Disseminated infection in Paracoccidioidomycosis

A

skin, mucosa, bones, lymph nodes, viscera, meninges)

61
Q

Disseminated infection in Coccidioidomycosis

A

skin, bones, joints, meninges

62
Q

Disseminated infection in Histoplasmosis duboisii

A

skin and bone

63
Q

Penicilliosis marneffei resembles

A

HCT
Histoplasmosis
Cryptococcosis
Tuberculosis

64
Q

infectious cause by ubiquitous, low virulence fungi which requires host defenses to be lowered before it is established

A

opportunistic mycosez

65
Q

example of opportunistic mycoses

A

Candida species

66
Q

reproduce sexually (either
by ascospores or basidiospores)

A

truly yeast

67
Q

Example of truly yeast

A

Cryptococcus

68
Q

no sexual reproduction
or no sexual state

A

Yeast-like fungi

69
Q

Ex of yeast like

A

. Candida spp.

70
Q

Ex of filamentous fungi

A

Aspergillus, Mucor, Absidia,
Rhizopus, Cephalosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium,
Geotrichum, Scopulariopsis

71
Q

opportunistic endogenous infection

A

CANDIDIASIS

72
Q

– infection of the oral mucosa (most widely
recognized manifestations of C. albicans infection)

A

Thrush

73
Q

fourth most common cause of
bloodborne infection in the United States,
accounting for 10% to 15% of all hospitalacquired septicemias.

A

C. albicans

74
Q

is higher in older adults than in young
adults and children

A

C. glabrata

75
Q

inherently resistant to the azole class of
antifungal drugs, identification of this
species is essential to proper clinical
management of the patient

A

C. krusei

76
Q

premier cause of yeast infection in
the world

A

C. albicans

77
Q

second most common Candida sp.
to cause disease (account for 21% of all urinary
yeast isolates)

A

C. glabrata

78
Q

has been shown to be prevalent in patients
with hematologic malignancies, especially
those who are neutropenic

A

C. tropicalis

79
Q

prevalent in patients with
hematologic malignancies

A

C. tropicalis

80
Q

Is also the second most commonly isolated
Candida spp

A

C. parapsilosis

81
Q

major cause of outbreaks of
nosocomial infections
o is the primary cause of fungemia in the
neonatal intensive care unit

A

C. parapsilosis`

82
Q

Candida pathogenesis

A

A. Superficial (cutaneous or mucosal) candidiasis
B. Systemic candidiasis
C. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

83
Q

SUPERFICIAL (CUTANEOUS OR MUCOSAL) CANDIDIASIS DIVIDED INTO TWO

A

Mucocutaneous lesions
Skin and Nail Infection

84
Q

creamy white patches appear on the tongue or
buccal mucosa
− common in bottle-fed infants and the aged and debilitated

A

Oral Thrush

85
Q

Secretion of vaginal area

A

Vulvovaginitis (vaginal thrush)

86
Q

quickest/most common way to
diagnose yeast vaginitis is to

A

saline wet mount

87
Q

inflammation of glans penis

A

Balanitis

88
Q

inflammation of
conjuctiva

A

Conjunctivitis

89
Q

– inflammation of cornea

A

Keratitis

90
Q

Enumerate Mucocutaneous lesions

A

Oral Thrush
Vulvovaginitis
Balanitis
Conjunctivitis
Keratitis

91
Q

reveals a raw bleeding surface when scraped;

A

Pseudomembranous type

92
Q

flat, red, occasionally
sore areas

A

Erythematous type

93
Q

—nonremovable white
thickening of epithelium caused by candida spp

A

Candida leukoplakia—

94
Q

sore fissures at the corners
of the mouth

A

Angular cheilitis

95
Q

skin folds are
involved

A

Intertriginous infection

96
Q

Example of Intertriginous infection

A

under the boobs, under the neck

97
Q

between the
fingers follows repeated prolonged
immersion in water

A

Interdigital involvement

98
Q

Candida invasion of the
nails and around the nail plate (paronychia)

A

Onychomycosis

99
Q

in infants
o Rashes typical in babies or infants

A

Napkin dermatitis

100
Q

Enumerate skin and Nail Infection

A

Intertriginous infection
Interdigital involvement
Onychomycosis
Napkin dermatitis

101
Q

the two most common type of
systemic candidiasis

A

Intestinal candidiasis
Bronchopulmonary candidiasis

Other systemic candidiasis:
3. Septicemia
4. Endocarditis
5. Meningitis
6. Kidney infections
7. Urinary tract infections

102
Q

a frequent sequel to oral antibiotic therapy and may
present as diarrhea not responding to treatment

A

Intestinal candidiasis

103
Q

form of pulmonary fungal infection and refers to an
opportunistic infection of the lung with C. albicans

A

Bronchopulmonary candidiasis

104
Q

Associated with cellular immunodeficiencies and
endocrinopathies, and result in chronic
superficial disfiguring infections of any or all
areas of skin or mucosa.

A

CHRONIC MUCOCUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS

105
Q

CRYPTOCOCCOSIS also known as

A

Torulosis, European blastomycosis, Busse–
buschke disease

106
Q

CRYPTOCOCCOSIS causative agent

A

Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii
Cryptococcus gattii

107
Q

cause most of infections; most notable pathogen in
this genus

A

C. neoformans

108
Q

major cause of opportunistic infection in patients
with AIDS

A

C. neoformans

109
Q

C. neoformans habitat

A

soil contaminated with pigeon droppings

110
Q

= detected using India
ink/Nigrosin (clear, unstained yeast cells w/ halo
against black background)

A

cryptococcal meningitis

111
Q

cryptococus in gram stain

A

“starburst pattern

112
Q

neoformans var. grubii antisera

A

serotype A

113
Q

neoformans var. neoformans antisera

A

serotype D

114
Q

C. neoformans var. gattii antisra

A

serotype B or C

115
Q

Occurs worldwide as its causative agent is
ubiquitous saprophytes

A

ASPERGILLOSIS

116
Q

referred to as fungus ball

A

Aspergilloma

117
Q

single most predictive factor for
developing aspergillosis

A

Neutropenia

118
Q

ASPERGILLOSIS causative agent

A

Aspergillus sp.

119
Q

MUCORMYCOSIS causative agent

A

Mucorales

120
Q

PENICILLIOSIS (TALAROMYCOSIS) causative agent

A

Penicillium sp

121
Q

in immunocompromised patients, serious lifethreatening pneumonia can develop

A

PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA

122
Q

PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA causative agent

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

123
Q

initially was identified as the causative agent in
interstitial plasma cell pneumonia seen -
malnourished or premature infants

A

PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA

MYCV311 (10 decks)

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