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basic concept part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

function or use of viruses

A
  • phage typing
  • sources of enzyme
  • pesticides
  • anti-bacterial agents
  • anti-cancer agent
  • gene vectors
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2
Q

enzymes in
molecular biology

A

virus enzymes

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3
Q

The viruses
that infect prokaryotes are often referred to as

A

bacteriophages, or phages

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4
Q

virus genome is composed of

A

double stranded dna
single stranded dna
double stranded rna
single stranded rna

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

Some insect pests are controlled with

A

baculoviruses and myxoma virus

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7
Q

viruses use and function

A

Phage typing of bacteria
Sources of enzymes
Pesticides
Anti-bacterial agents
Anti-cancer agents
Gene vectors

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8
Q

Martinus Beijerinck in Holland and Dimitri Ivanovski
in Russia – made extracts from diseased plants infected with

A

tobacco mosaic virus

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8
Q

virus genome is composed of

A

double stranded dna
single stranded dna
double stranded rna
single stranded rna

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9
Q

whose scientist give the term virus

A

Beijerinck

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10
Q

transmitted foot
and mouth disease from animal to animal in inoculum
that had been highly diluted

A

Freidrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch

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11
Q

who demonstrated that the
causative agent of yellow fever is a filterable agent.

A

Walter Reed and James Carroll

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12
Q

first human virus, yellow fever virus

A

1901

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13
Q

chicken leukemia virus, polio virus

A

1908

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14
Q

rabies virus

A

1903

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15
Q

influenza virus

A

1933

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16
Q

bacteriophages

A

1915

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17
Q

rous sarcoma virus

A

1911

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18
Q

variola virus

A

1906

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19
Q

An infectious obligate intracellular parasite comprising
genetic material (DNA or RNA), often surrounded by a
protein coat, sometimes a membrane

A

virus

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20
Q

important part of virus

A

genetic material which is dna and rna
and protein coat

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21
Q

size of virus

A

20-300 nm

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22
Q

specificity host cell

A

viral tropism

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23
Q

parasites cell requirement

A
  • building block (amino acid, nucleotide)
  • protein synthesis (ribosome)
  • energy(ATP)
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24
Units in which virions are normally measured
nanometer
25
Smallest virus infecting humans and animals
parvovirus
26
Microbe-mimicking virus
mimivirus
27
large virus infecting human
poxvirus
28
largest virus
mimivirus
29
size of parvovirus
20nm
30
size of mimivirus
500nm
31
picorna
30nm
32
poliovirus
25nm
33
paramyxo
150-300 nm
34
ssDNA
Porcine circovirus
35
ssRNA
hepatitis delta virus
36
smallest genome of all bacteria, with 112,091 nucleotide
Nasuia deltocephalinicola
37
virales
orderw
38
viridae
family
39
virinae
subfamilies
40
Genus names carry the suffix
virus
41
HOW ARE VIRUSES NAMED?
disease they cause type of disease geographic locations discoverers how they were originally thought to be contracted
42
structure of virus
size, morphology, and nucleic acid
43
Means of transmission
arbovirus spread by insects
44
example of dsDNA (double stranded DNA)
o Adenoviridae o Herpesviridae: Papillomaviridae Poxviridae
45
Adenoviridae
adenovirus
46
Herpesviridae
▪ Alphaherpesvirinae: * Simplexvirus * Varicellovirus ▪ Betaherpesvirinae: * Cytomegalovirus * Roseolovirus ▪ Gammaherpesvirinae: * Lymphocryptovirus * Rhadinovirus
47
Poxviridae
Orthopoxvirus
48
ssDNA (single stranded DNA)
Parvoviridae: ▪ Erythrovirus ▪ Bocavirus
49
dsRNA (double stranded RNA
▪ Reoviridae: ▪ Rotavirus ▪ Coltivirus
50
dsDNA, ssDNA (double stranded & single stranded)
hepadnaviridae - orthohepadnavirus
51
ssRNA (single stranded RNA)
o Arenaviridae: ▪ Arenavirus o Astroviridae: ▪ Mamastrovirus o Coronaviridae: ▪ Coronavirus o Orthomyxoviridae: ▪ Influenza virus A ▪ Influenza virus B ▪ Influenza virus C o Picornaviridae: ▪ Enterovirus ▪ Rhinovirus ▪ Hepatovirus o Rhabdoviridae: ▪ Lyssavirus o Retroviridae: ▪ Lentivirus
52
The time between infection by a bacteriophage, or other virus, and the appearance of mature virus within the cell
eclipse period
53
what virus Contain cell ribosomes
ARENavirus
54
outer protein shell of virion
capsid
55
structure of virion
- inner nucleic acid (RNA Or DNA) - protein coat (capsid) - envelope
56
5 viral structrures
- icosahedral - enveloped icosahedral - helical - enveloped helical - complex
57
Helical structure with additional lipid bilayer
Enveloped helical
58
Single folded polypeptide chain
subunit
59
Unit from which capsids or nucleocapsids are built; one or more subunits
structural unit
60
– composed of repeating structural subunits
Capsomere
61
Protein shell surrounding genome
capsid
62
Formed when capsid combines with an envelope or a genetic material
nucleocapsid
63
Created by symmetrical arrangement of many identical proteins to provide maximal contact
Stable structure
64
Structure is not usually permanently bonded together
Unstable structure
65
Coat protein molecules engage in identical, equivalent interactions with one another and with the viral genome to allow construction of a large, stable structure from a single protein subunitq
helical symmetry
66
classic example of a virus with helical symmetry
tobacco mosaic plant (TMV)virus
67
Used by small viruses such as the picornaviruses and parvoviruses
ICOSAHEDRONS
68
Two types of capsomeres constitute the icosahedral capsid
pentons and hexons
69
component of naked capsid
protein
70
NAKED CAPSID is stable in the following
Drying, detergent, temperature, acid, proteases
71
released from cell by lysis
naked capsid
72
Can survive the adverse conditions of the gut
naked capsid
73
components of envelope
: Membrane, Lipids, Proteins, Glycoproteins
74
environmentally labile—
envelope
75
Modifies cell membrane during replication
envelope
76
serves as a bridge between nucleocapsid and inner membrane of the envelope
matrix protein
77
Components have chemical features that allow them to fit together and to assemble into a larger unit.
capsid
78
if the RNA of the genome has the same polarity as the viral mRNA and can thus function directly as messenger RNA it is called
plus-strand or sense
79
If the genome RNA has the polarity opposite to that of the mRNA, and therefore cannot be translated into proteins until it has first been transcribed into a complementary strand, it is called
minus strand or antisense
80
example of -RNA
o Paramyxoviridae o Orthomyxoviridae o Rhabdoviridae o Filoviruses o Bunyaviridae o Arenaviridae
81
example of +RNA
o Picornaviridae o Caliciviridae o Coronaviridae o Flaviviridae o Togaviridae o Retroviridae
82
viruses contain double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) as their genome. Their mRNA is produced by transcription in much the same way as with cellular DNA.
group 1 viruses
83
have single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as their genome. They convert their single-stranded genomes into a dsDNA intermediate before transcription to mRNA can occur.
group 2 viruses
84
use dsRNA as their genome. The strands separate, and one of them is used as a template for the generation of mRNA using the RNAdependent RNA polymerase encoded by the virus
group 3
85
have ssRNA as their genome with a positive polarity.
group 4
86
contain ssRNA genomes with a negative polarity
group 5
87
have diploid (two copies) ssRNA genomes that must be converted, using the enzyme reverse transcriptase, to dsDNA
group 6
88
have partial dsDNA genomes and make ssRNA intermediates that act as mRNA, but are also converted back into dsDNA genomes by reverse transcriptase, necessary for genome replication
group 7

MYCV311 (10 decks)

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