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MYCV311 > basic concept part 1 > Flashcards

basic concept part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

function or use of viruses

A
  • phage typing
  • sources of enzyme
  • pesticides
  • anti-bacterial agents
  • anti-cancer agent
  • gene vectors
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2
Q

enzymes in
molecular biology

A

virus enzymes

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3
Q

The viruses
that infect prokaryotes are often referred to as

A

bacteriophages, or phages

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4
Q

virus genome is composed of

A

double stranded dna
single stranded dna
double stranded rna
single stranded rna

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

Some insect pests are controlled with

A

baculoviruses and myxoma virus

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7
Q

viruses use and function

A

Phage typing of bacteria
Sources of enzymes
Pesticides
Anti-bacterial agents
Anti-cancer agents
Gene vectors

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8
Q

Martinus Beijerinck in Holland and Dimitri Ivanovski
in Russia – made extracts from diseased plants infected with

A

tobacco mosaic virus

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8
Q

virus genome is composed of

A

double stranded dna
single stranded dna
double stranded rna
single stranded rna

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9
Q

whose scientist give the term virus

A

Beijerinck

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10
Q

transmitted foot
and mouth disease from animal to animal in inoculum
that had been highly diluted

A

Freidrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch

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11
Q

who demonstrated that the
causative agent of yellow fever is a filterable agent.

A

Walter Reed and James Carroll

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12
Q

first human virus, yellow fever virus

A

1901

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13
Q

chicken leukemia virus, polio virus

A

1908

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14
Q

rabies virus

A

1903

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15
Q

influenza virus

A

1933

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16
Q

bacteriophages

A

1915

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17
Q

rous sarcoma virus

A

1911

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18
Q

variola virus

A

1906

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19
Q

An infectious obligate intracellular parasite comprising
genetic material (DNA or RNA), often surrounded by a
protein coat, sometimes a membrane

A

virus

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20
Q

important part of virus

A

genetic material which is dna and rna
and protein coat

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21
Q

size of virus

A

20-300 nm

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22
Q

specificity host cell

A

viral tropism

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23
Q

parasites cell requirement

A
  • building block (amino acid, nucleotide)
  • protein synthesis (ribosome)
  • energy(ATP)
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24
Q

Units in which virions are normally measured

A

nanometer

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25
Q

Smallest virus infecting humans and animals

A

parvovirus

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26
Q

Microbe-mimicking virus

A

mimivirus

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27
Q

large virus infecting human

A

poxvirus

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28
Q

largest virus

A

mimivirus

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29
Q

size of parvovirus

A

20nm

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30
Q

size of mimivirus

A

500nm

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31
Q

picorna

A

30nm

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32
Q

poliovirus

A

25nm

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33
Q

paramyxo

A

150-300 nm

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34
Q

ssDNA

A

Porcine circovirus

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35
Q

ssRNA

A

hepatitis delta virus

36
Q

smallest genome of all bacteria, with 112,091
nucleotide

A

Nasuia deltocephalinicola

37
Q

virales

A

orderw

38
Q

viridae

A

family

39
Q

virinae

A

subfamilies

40
Q

Genus names carry the suffix

A

virus

41
Q

HOW ARE VIRUSES NAMED?

A

disease they cause
type of disease
geographic locations
discoverers
how they were originally thought to be contracted

42
Q

structure of virus

A

size, morphology, and nucleic acid

43
Q

Means of transmission

A

arbovirus spread by insects

44
Q

example of dsDNA (double stranded DNA)

A

o Adenoviridae
o Herpesviridae:
Papillomaviridae
Poxviridae

45
Q

Adenoviridae

A

adenovirus

46
Q

Herpesviridae

A

▪ Alphaherpesvirinae:
* Simplexvirus
* Varicellovirus
▪ Betaherpesvirinae:
* Cytomegalovirus
* Roseolovirus
▪ Gammaherpesvirinae:
* Lymphocryptovirus
* Rhadinovirus

47
Q

Poxviridae

A

Orthopoxvirus

48
Q

ssDNA (single stranded DNA)

A

Parvoviridae:
▪ Erythrovirus
▪ Bocavirus

49
Q

dsRNA (double stranded RNA

A

▪ Reoviridae:
▪ Rotavirus
▪ Coltivirus

50
Q

dsDNA, ssDNA (double stranded & single stranded)

A

hepadnaviridae
- orthohepadnavirus

51
Q

ssRNA (single stranded RNA)

A

o Arenaviridae:
▪ Arenavirus
o Astroviridae:
▪ Mamastrovirus
o Coronaviridae:
▪ Coronavirus
o Orthomyxoviridae:
▪ Influenza virus A
▪ Influenza virus B
▪ Influenza virus C
o Picornaviridae:
▪ Enterovirus
▪ Rhinovirus
▪ Hepatovirus
o Rhabdoviridae:
▪ Lyssavirus
o Retroviridae:
▪ Lentivirus

52
Q

The time between infection by a bacteriophage, or other virus, and the
appearance of mature virus within the cell

A

eclipse period

53
Q

what virus Contain cell ribosomes

A

ARENavirus

54
Q

outer protein shell of virion

A

capsid

55
Q

structure of virion

A
  • inner nucleic acid (RNA Or DNA)
  • protein coat (capsid)
  • envelope
56
Q

5 viral structrures

A
  • icosahedral
  • enveloped icosahedral
  • helical
  • enveloped helical
  • complex
57
Q

Helical structure with additional lipid bilayer

A

Enveloped helical

58
Q

Single folded polypeptide chain

A

subunit

59
Q

Unit from which capsids or
nucleocapsids are built; one or more
subunits

A

structural unit

60
Q

– composed of
repeating structural subunits

A

Capsomere

61
Q

Protein shell surrounding genome

A

capsid

62
Q

Formed when capsid combines with
an envelope or a genetic material

A

nucleocapsid

63
Q

Created by symmetrical arrangement of many
identical proteins to provide maximal contact

A

Stable structure

64
Q

Structure is not usually permanently bonded
together

A

Unstable structure

65
Q

Coat protein molecules engage in identical, equivalent
interactions with one another and with the viral genome
to allow construction of a large, stable structure from a
single protein subunitq

A

helical symmetry

66
Q

classic example of a virus with helical symmetry

A

tobacco mosaic plant (TMV)virus

67
Q

Used by small viruses such as the picornaviruses and
parvoviruses

A

ICOSAHEDRONS

68
Q

Two types of capsomeres constitute the icosahedral
capsid

A

pentons and hexons

69
Q

component of naked capsid

A

protein

70
Q

NAKED CAPSID is stable in the following

A

Drying, detergent, temperature, acid, proteases

71
Q

released from cell by lysis

A

naked capsid

72
Q

Can survive the adverse conditions of the gut

A

naked capsid

73
Q

components of envelope

A

: Membrane, Lipids, Proteins,
Glycoproteins

74
Q

environmentally labile—

A

envelope

75
Q

Modifies cell membrane during replication

A

envelope

76
Q

serves as a bridge between
nucleocapsid and inner membrane of the envelope

A

matrix protein

77
Q

Components have chemical features that allow them to
fit together and to assemble into a larger unit.

A

capsid

78
Q

if the RNA of the genome has the same
polarity as the viral mRNA and can thus
function directly as messenger RNA it is called

A

plus-strand or sense

79
Q

If the genome RNA has the polarity opposite to
that of the mRNA, and therefore cannot be
translated into proteins until it has first been
transcribed into a complementary strand, it is
called

A

minus strand or antisense

80
Q

example of -RNA

A

o Paramyxoviridae
o Orthomyxoviridae
o Rhabdoviridae
o Filoviruses
o Bunyaviridae
o Arenaviridae

81
Q

example of +RNA

A

o Picornaviridae
o Caliciviridae
o Coronaviridae
o Flaviviridae
o Togaviridae
o Retroviridae

82
Q

viruses contain double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
as their genome. Their mRNA is produced by
transcription in much the same way as with cellular
DNA.

A

group 1 viruses

83
Q

have single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as
their genome. They convert their single-stranded
genomes into a dsDNA intermediate before
transcription to mRNA can occur.

A

group 2 viruses

84
Q

use dsRNA as their genome. The
strands separate, and one of them is used as a
template for the generation of mRNA using the RNAdependent RNA polymerase encoded by the virus

A

group 3

85
Q

have ssRNA as their genome with a
positive polarity.

A

group 4

86
Q

contain ssRNA genomes with a
negative polarity

A

group 5

87
Q

have diploid (two copies) ssRNA
genomes that must be converted, using the enzyme
reverse transcriptase, to dsDNA

A

group 6

88
Q

have partial dsDNA genomes and
make ssRNA intermediates that act as mRNA, but are
also converted back into dsDNA genomes by reverse
transcriptase, necessary for genome replication

A

group 7

MYCV311 (10 decks)

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