superficial, cutaneous, and subcutaneous Flashcards
1
Q
Confined to the outermost layer of skin and hair - affect only the cornified layers of the epidermis
A
superficial mycoses
2
Q
cornified layers means
A
stratum corneum
3
Q
examples of non-dermatophytic tinea
A
− Tinea versicolor
− Tinea nigra
− White Piedra
− Black Piedra
4
Q
Tinea versicolor also known as
A
(pityriasis versicolor)
5
Q
non-dermatophytic tinea also known as
A
dermatomycosis
6
Q
dermatophytic tinea also known as
A
dermatophytosis
7
Q
examples of dermatophytic tinea
A
Trichophyton,
Epidermophyton,
MIcrosporum
8
Q
Characterized by discrete or confluent macular areas of discoloration or depigmentation of the skin
A
tinea versicolor
9
Q
darkly-pigmented skin
A
pale patches
10
Q
fair complexion
A
Fawn-colored liver spot
11
Q
Tinea versicolor most prevalent site of infection
A
face, chest, trunk
and abdomen
12
Q
Tinea versicolor causative agent
A
Malassezia furfur
13
Q
Malassezia furfur also known as
A
(Pityrosporum orbiculare)
14
Q
lypophilic yeast-like fungus - considered part of the cutaneous mycobiota
A
Malassezia
15
Q
collarettes also known as
A
bud scars
16
Q
microscopic appearance of tinea versicolor
A
“spaghetti with meatballs appearance”
17
Q
cream to yellowish, typically smooth to
slightly wrinkled
A
colony of tinea versicolor
18
Q
wood’s lamp reaction
A
yellow fluorescence of infected body site
19
Q
causative agent of tinea nigra
A
Hortaea werneckii
20
Q
Hortaea werneckii formerly known as the
A
Exophialla werneckii
21
Q
A localized infection of the stratum corneum, particularly of the palms
A
tinea nigra
22
Q
thick, septate, branching hyphae that
contain a dark pigment
A
microscopic appearance of tinea nigra
23
Q
shiny, black, and mucoid
A
colony appearance of tinea nigra
24
Q
Likely contracted by traumatic inoculation of the fungus into the superficial layers of the epidermis
A
tinea nigra
25
Solitary, irregular, pigmented (brown to black) macules
tinea nigra
26
Occurs in tropical and subtropical regions
white piedra
27
white piedra causative agent
Trichosporon beigelli
28
straw to cream yeast-like,
smooth/wrinkled, dry/moist, velvety
colony of white peidra
29
produce arthroconidia, hyphae, and
blastoconidia
white piedra microscopic appearance
30
implicated in severe
and frequently fatal disease in
immunocompromised hosts
Trichosporon asahaii
31
white piedra infected site
(mustaches and beards, on eyelashes and
eyebrows, and in armpit and pubic hair
32
Characterized by the appearance of firm, irregular nodules along the hair shaft (soft, matte, and surrounds the hair shaft and forms a white to brown swelling along the hair strand.)
white piedra
33
Presence of hard, dark brown to black gritty nodules that are firmly attached to the hair shaft
black piedra
34
black piedra causative agent
Piedraia hortae
35
black piedra colony
black-greenish, limited and pointed
colonies
36
Thick-walled rhomboid cells
containing ascospores are seen
microscopic appearance of black piedra
37
how many ascospores are there in black piedra nodules
8
38
cause destruction of the keratin layers of the skin, hair and nails
cutaneous mycoses
39
Various forms of dermatophytosis are referred to as
tinea
40
Group of closely related filamentous fungi that infect only superficial keratinized tissues—the skin, hair and nails
tinea or ringworm
41
dermatophytosis: tinea capitis
ringworm:
causative agent:
- head, scalp, hair
- Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum audouinii
Trichophyton schoenleinii, T.
mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes
Can i ride a Gyp to Audio School Mental
42
dermatophytosis: tinea barbae
ringworm:
common name:
causative agent:
- beard and moustache
- barber's itch
- Trichophyton verrucosum, Microsporum canis, T. mentagrophytes var. uguinum
Very Ugly Cat
43
dermatophytosis: tinea corporis
ringworm:
common name:
causative agent:
- Body (glabrous site)
- ringworm
- Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes, Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum canis,
Rub Tons of Gyp to Mental Audio Cans
44
dermatophytosis: tinea manuum
ringworm:
common name:
causative agent:
- Hand
- Athlete's hand
- Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum
Rub Mental Flock
45
dermatophytosis: tinea cruris
ringworm:
common name:
causative agent:
- Groin
- Jock itch
- Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum
Rub Mental Flock
46
dermatophytosis: tinea pedis
ringworm:
common name:
causative agent:
- Feet
- Athlete's feet
- Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum
Rub Mental Flock
47
dermatophytosis: tinea unguium
ringworm:
common name:
causative agent:
- Nails
- Onychomycosis
- Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum
Rub Mental Flock
48
ss: white to cream to deep red (velvety)
rs: yellow brown to wine red
micro: slender cavate to pyriform
macro: smooth, thin walled multi-septate
Trichophyton rubrum
49
Trichophyton rubrum media
Potato dextrose agar
49
ss: white to cream, powdery to granular surface
rs: yellow brown to reddish brown
micro: hyaline, smooth-walled, spherical to subspherical
macro: smooth, thick walled, clavate shaped, multiseptated
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
49
ss: waxy or suede like with deeply folded honey comb like thallus
rs: no coloration
no micro and macro
Trichophyton shoenleinii
50
ss: flat, greyish to light tan-white, suede like to downy surface
rs: yellow brown to reddish brown
micro: pyriform to clavate
macro: spindle-shaped with 5-15 cells, verrucose, thick walled, have terminal knob
Microsporum canis
50
ss: flat, greyish to light tan-white, suede like to downy surface
rs: yellow brown to reddish brown
micro: non-existent
macro: non existent; but for rare occation, thin walled, spiculated, multiseptated
Microsporum audouinii
50
ss: cinnamon colored and powdery
rs: light tan to lavender color
micro: rare
macro: thick walled, rough, multiseptated
Microsporum gypseum
51
wood's lamp result for Microsporum audouinii
hair fluoresce
52
ss: greenish brown or khaki colored with suede liek surface, raised and folded in centre, submerged in fringe
rs: light tan to lavender
micro: NO MICROCONIDIA
macro: smooth, large, thin walled. multi-septated
Epidermophyton floccosum
53
cigar shape
Trichophyton rubrum
54
spherical hyaline
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
55
favic chandelier hyphae
Trichophyton shoenleinii
56
mouse fur in texture
Microsporum audouinii
57
raquet hyphae
Epidermophyton floccosum
58
Human beings are the main or only hosts,
may be transmitted directly or indirectly
from person to person
Anthropophilic species
59
live in the soil and are occasional
pathogens of both animals and humans,
less pathogenic for human beings
Geophilic species:
60
Example of Zoophilic species
T. verrucosum in cattle and M. canis in
dogs and cats
61
Example of Anthropophilic species:
T. rubrum, M. audouinii and E. floccosum
62
parasitize the hair and skin of animals but
can be transmitted to humans
Zoophilic species
63
Example of Geophilic species
M. gypseum and T. ajelloi
64
Positive penetration for hair perforation test
Microsporum canis
65
Negative penetration for hair perforation test
Microsporum equinum
66
arthroconidia are formed on the outside of the hair
ectothrix
67
arthroconidia are formed inside the hair
endothrix
68
examples of ectothrix
M. audouinii, M. canis and T.
mentagrophytes
69
example of endothrix
T. tonsurans and T. violaceum
70
hyphae, arthroconidia, and empty spaces
resembling air bubbles (“honeycomb”
pattern) are formed inside the hair
favus or favic
71
Introduced traumatically through the skin - deeper
layers of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and
bone - rarely spread to distant organs
subcutaneous mycoses
72
source of infection for subcutaneous mycoses
Gardening, wood gathering
73
example of subcutaneous mycoses
sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, eumycotic
mycetoma, phaeohyphomycosis, subcutaneous
zygomycosis
74
Chromoblastomycosis also known as
(Verrucous dermatitidis
75
Infections appear as multiple, large, warty,
“cauliflowerlike” growths
Chromoblastomycosis
76
Sclerotic bodies
copper colored cells
77
Characterized by the slow development of
progressive granulomatous lesions that in time
induce hyperplasia of the epidermal tissue
Chromoblastomycosis
78
Causative agents of Chromoblastomycosis
Fonsecaea pedrosoi,
Cladosporium carionii,
Phialophora verrucosa
79
Chromoblastomycosis other name is
chromomycosis
80
ss: flat to heaped and folded, suede-like to
downy, olivaceous to black
rs:olivaceous to black
micro: dark brown hyphae and suberect
conidiophores loosely branched
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
81
ss: olivaceous-brown to blackishbrown but also sometimes grey, buff or
brown, suede-like to floccose, often
becoming powdery due to the production
of abundant conidia
rs: olivaceous-blac
micro: Dematiaceous hyphomycete forming branched acropetal chains of conidia
Cladosporium carionii
82
ss: y dome-shaped, later becoming flat,
suede-like and olivaceous to black in
colour
rs: Phialides are flask-shaped or elliptical with distinctive funnel-shaped, darkly
pigmented collarettes
Phialophora verrucosa
83
collar (often cup-shaped) of
outer wall material remaining at the apex of a
phialidic conidiogenous cell
colarettes
84
a chronic granulomatous infection that usually involves the lower extremities but may occur in any part of the bod
mycetoma
85
gradually progresses to involve the bone, muscle, or other contiguous tissue
mycetoma
86
causative agent of mycetoma
Scedosporium apiospermum,
Pseudallescheria boydii, Actinomyces spp.,
Nocardia spp.
87
caused by fungi
eumycotic
88
caused by actinomyces fungus like bacteria
actinomycotic
89
Eumycotic Mycetoma also known as
maduromycosis or Madura foot
90
caused by a heterogeneous group of fungi that have septate hyphae
Eumycotic Mycetoma
91
distinction determined by the
pigmentation of the infecting agent’s hyphae
white grain mycetoma or black
grain mycetoma
92
causative agent of Eumycotic Mycetoma
Scedosporium apiospermum,
Scedosporium boydii
93
sperm like conidia
Scedosporium apiospermum
94
ss: greyish-white, suede-like to downy
rs: greyish-black reverse
micro: single-celled, pale-brown, broadly clavate to ovoid conidia rounded
above with truncate bases are observed
Larger cleistothecia
Scedosporium apiospermum
95
a globose, completely closed fruit
body with no special opening to the outside
Cleistothecia
96
require two compatible partners for
mating to occur
heterothallic
97
ss: greyish-white, suede-like to downy
rs: greyish-black reverse
Same as Scedosporium apiospermum
micro: Conidia are borne singly or in small
groups on elongate, simple or branched
conidiophores or laterally on hyphae
smaller cleistothecia
Scedosporium boydii
98
self-fertile with a single individual
capable of sexual reproduction even in solo
culture
homothallic
99
caused by a fungus-like bacteria
ACTINOMYCOTIC MYCETOMA
100
term was coined to separate several clinical
infections caused by phaeoid fungi from those
distinct clinical entities known as
chromoblastomycosis
PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS
101
clinical forms vary from solitary encapsulated cysts in the subcutaneous tissue to sinusitis to brain abscesses
PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS
102
Causative agents of phaeohyphomycosis
Exophiala jeanselmei
Wangiella dermatitidis (Exophiala
dermatitidis)
Cladosporium trichoides
103
ss: initially smooth, greenish-grey to
black, mucoid and yeast-like; with age,
often becoming dome-shaped and suedelike in texture
rs: olivaceous-black
micro: Conidiogenous cells are predominantly annellidic and erect
Exophiala jeanselmei
104
ss: initially yeast-like and black,
becoming suede-like, olivaceous-grey
with the development of aerial
mycelium with age brown pigment is
often produced in the agar
micro: yeast-like cells are hyaline and thin walled when young becoming darkly
pigmented. flaskshaped to cylindrical annellides are
produced
Exophiala dermatitidis (Wangiella dermatitidis)
105
ss: moderately fast growing, olivaceousgrey, suede-like; grow at temperatures up to 40-42C
Microscopic: Conidia are formed in long, sparsely branched, flexuose, acropetal chains from undifferentiated conidiophores
Cladosporium trichoides (Caldophialophora bantiana)
106
SPOROTRICHOSIS also know as
“Rose Gardener’s disease”
107
primarily a chronic mycotic infection of the cutaneous or subcutaneous tissues and adjacent lymphatics
sporotrichosis
108
Example of traumatic injury
thorns, splinters, bites,
scratches
109
Example of occupational hazard for sporotrichosis
farmers, gardeners, florists, nursery workers, and miners
110
▪ Causative agent of sporotrichosis
Sporothrix schenckii complex
111
Sporothrix schenckii complex includes
- S. schenckii sensu strictu
- S. brasiliensis
- S. globose
- S. Mexicana
- S. luriei
112
ss: slow growing, moist and glabrous,
with a wrinkled and folded surface
Microscopic: Conidia are formed in clusters at the apex of the conidiophore
Sporothrix schenkii
113
microscopic appearance of sporothrix schenkii
rosette pattern
114
SUBCUTANEOUS ENTOMOPHTHOROMYCOSIS also known as
subcutaneous mucormycoses and
zygomycoses
115
Chronic subcutaneous form of mucormycosis that occurs sporadically as a result of traumatic implantation
SUBCUTANEOUS ENTOMOPHTHOROMYCOSIS
116
causative agent of subcutaneous entomophthoromycosis
Entomophthorales
117
infects children; proximal limbs
Basidiobolus ranarum
118
infects adults; facial area
Conidiobolus coronatus
119
ss: moderately fast growing at 30C, flat,
yellowish-grey to creamy-grey, glabrous,
becoming radially folded and covered by a
fine, powdery, white surface mycelium
micro: production of “beaked” zygospores. smooth, thick walled zygospores that have two closely appressed beak-like appendages
Basidiobolus ranarum
120
unique characteristics of the zygospores of Basidiobolus ranarum
beak like appendages
121
ss: flat, cream-coloured, glabrous
becoming radially folded and covered by a
fine, powdery, white surface mycelium
and conidiophores
Conidiobolus coronatus
122
Conidiophores forms terminal conidia
which are spherical, single-celled and
have a prominent papilla or protrusion
conidia may also produce hair-like appendages, called villae
miroscopic appearance of Conidiobolus coronatus
123
Chronic granulomatous disease characterized by the development of large polyps or wart-like lesions
RHINOSPORIDIOSIS
124
▪ Causative agent of rhinosporidiosis
Rhinosporidium seeberi
125
Creates wart-like lesions, usually appears in conjunctiva of the eyes and also the nose
Rhinosporidium seeberi
