INTRO TO MYCO Flashcards by Ruth Joy De Guzman

protect cells from osmotic shock, determine cell shapes, and have components that are antigenic

cell wall

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the cell wall of fungi is composed of

chitin with glucans and mannose

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antifungal targets chitin

caspofingin

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antifungals target ergosterol

Imidazoles, Triazoles, and Polyenes

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temperature to be a yeast

35-37

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temperature to be a mold

25-30

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simplest type of fungus =
unicellular budding round tooval shaped

yeast

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produced by budding

blastoconidia

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Elongation of the cell =
produces a tubular

molds

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thread like structure

hypha or hyphae

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cross walls of
hyphae and occur in the hyphae of the
great majority of the diseasecausing
fungi.

septation

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lack
regularly occurring cross walls,
multinucleate

aseptate

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aseptate also called as

coenocytic

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quite variable in width
with broad branching angles

coenocytic

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hyphae with sausagelike constrictions at
septations

pseudohyphae

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formed by some yeasts when they elongate but
remain attached to each other.

pseudohyphae

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example of pseudohyphae

Candida albicans

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capable of converting from a yeast or
yeastlike form to a filamentous form and vice versa

dimorphic fungi or thermally dimorphic fungi

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can tolerate changes in chemicals

chemotrophic

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spore reproduction / reproductive part

aerial mycelium

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molds or filamentous fungi

mycelia

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asexual spore

conidia

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fungal spore

sexual process. formed either asexually or by a sexual process involving nuclear fusion and then
meiosis. Fungal spores may be used in identification

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blast

buds

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blastoconidia

new yeast buds

arthroconidia

laying down joints in hyphae followed by fragmentation

can live on dead organic materials

saprobe

live in harmony on humans, deriving their nutrition from compounds on body surfaces.

commensal colonizer

mostly dimorphic infect the healthy but cause more severe disease in the compromised hosts. The damage to living cells provides nutrition.

pathogen

classification of fungi

- phycomycetes - ascomycetes - basidiomycetes - deuteromycetes

phycomycetes

lower fungi

ascomycetes

sac fungi

basidiomycetes

club fungi

deuteromycetes

fungi imperfecti

has no sexual spore

deuteromycetes

what are the two asexual process

- budding - fission

example of asexual process

cryptococcus neoformans

grow partly as yeast and partly as elongated cells resembling hyphae

pseudomycelium

example of pseudomycelium

Candida albicans

Examples of molds

Dermatophytes, Aspegillus, Penicillium, Mucor and Rhizopus.

example of Dimorphic fungi

Histoplasma capsulatum Blastomyces dermatitidis

types of spore

- zygospore - oospore - ascospore - basidiospore

produced from the fusion of two identical hyphae

zygospore

produced from fission of two different hyphae

oospore

spore contain in a sac like ascus

ascosporee

spores contained in a club shaped structure basidium

basidiospore

fanlike conidium

aspergillus

balloon-like

sporandio

Formerly Zygomycetes

mucormycetes

example of Basidiomycetes

mushroom

formed by fusion of cells and meiosis as in all forms of higher life

sexual spore

are produced by mitosis. May be vegetative spores or aerial spores

asexual spore

formed by budding from parent cell, as in yeasts

blastospore

formed by the production of cross septa into hyphae resulting in rectangular thickwalled spores.

arthrospore

thick walled resting spores developed by rounding up and thickening of hyphal segments.

chlamydospore

Spores borne externally on sides or tips of hyphae are called

conidiospore

formed within the sporangium. They develop on the ends of hyphae.

sporangiospore

small and single - unicellular

microconidia

large and septate conidia - multicellular

macroconidia

form of the fungus producing sexual spores

teleomorph

form producing asexual spores

anamorph

selffertile

homothallic

mating types

heterothallic

saclike structure containing (usually eight) ascospores developed during sexual reproduction in the Ascomycetes.

ascus

spores (reproductive bodies of a fungus) are formed directly from the vegetative mycelium or from specialized hyphae.

asexual reproduction

subcutaneous mycosis often the result of traumatic inoculation of a dematiaceous fungus into the skin;

chromoblastomycosis

a cell or an aseptate hypha containing numerous nuclei

coenocytic

a specialized branch of hypha on which conidia are developed

conidiophore

pigmented, dark in color, usually gray to black.

Dematiaceous

fungi that cause superficial mycoses

Dermatophyte

ability of some fungi to grow as either yeast or filamentous stages, depending on conditions of growth

diphasic or dimorphic

ability of the fungus to grow on the outside of a hair shaft.

ectothrixic

ability of the fungus to grow and penetrate into the hair shaft.

endothrixic

derived from internal source

endogenous

derived from external source

exogenous

a large class of fungi with septate hyphae in which the asexual state of reproduction is but not the sexual state. They are also called Deuteromycetes and include the majority of medically significant fungi.

fungi imperfecti

small projections which arise from cells of certain yeasts; indicates the onset of hyphal formation

germ tube

a clinical syndrome of localized, tumorous lesions in cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues due to infections, often a foot, with actinomycetes or fungi.

mycetoma

toxins of fungal origin

mycotoxin

also called zygospore, a sexual spore produced through the fusion of two unlike nuclei

oospore

fungi having sexual and asexual reproductive stages

perfect fungi

chain of elongated budding cells that have failed to detach

pseudohyphae

term used to describe circular or ringlike skin lesions produced by dermatophytes

ringworm

rootlike structures

rhizoids

any plant organism that obtains its nourishment from dead organic matter

saprobe

A tangled mass of hyphae

mycelium

Fungi which form mycelia

molds or filamentous fungi

fungi are classified in the phylum ______

thallophyta

Infection caused by fungus is known as

mycosis

disrupt the keratin specimen revealing the fungal structure

KOH prep or potassiun hydroxide prep

most common stain used in wet mount prep

LPCB lactophenol cotton blue stain

most common in calcofluor white stain

fluorescent

negative staining

india ink

vase shaped

phialides or phialoconidia

bowling pin appearance

annelides or anneloconidia

transfer specimen. used two needles

tease mount method

disadvantage of tease mount

can't observe complete structure because of vigorous procedure

for longer viewing

slide method or ridell technique