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MYCV311 > mycotoxicosis > Flashcards

mycotoxicosis Flashcards

1
Q

secondary fungal metabolites

A

Mycotoxin

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2
Q

Manifests as acute or chronic
disease, usually tumor formation;
carcinogenic

A

Mycotoxin

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3
Q

PRESENTING SYMPTOMS AND SEVERITY DEPEND ON:

A
  • mycotoxin
  • Amount and duration of exposure
  • Route of exposure
  • Age, sex and health of the exposed individual
  • malnutrition, alcohol
    abuse, infectious disease status, and other toxin
    exposures may act synergistically to compound
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4
Q

is there treatment for mycotoxin?

A

Supportive therapy, there are almost no treatments for
mycotoxin exposure

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5
Q

It is communicable person to person?

A

No

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6
Q

red mold disease

A

Akakabi-byo

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7
Q

MYCETISM also known as

A

mycetismus

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8
Q

Mushroom poisoning

A

MYCETISM

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9
Q

This accounts for the majority of fatal
mushroom poisonings worldwide.

A

Amanita phalloides

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10
Q

Angel of death

A

Amanita phalloides

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11
Q

Result from ingestion of food or feed that contains
mycotoxins.

A

MYCOTOXICOSIS

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12
Q

Variety of mycotoxins are produced by mushrooms
(e.g., Amanita species), and their ingestion results in a
dose-related disease called

A

mycetismus

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13
Q

Most potent, which is peptide elaborated by produced
primarily by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus
parasiticus- other species of aspergillus produce
aflatoxins as well

A

aflatoxin

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14
Q

Acute aflatoxicosis has been manifested in humans as
an

A

acute hepatitis

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15
Q

frequent contaminant of peanuts, corn, grains
and other foods

A

aflatoxin

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16
Q

most potent natural carcinogen
known and is the major aflatoxin produced by toxigenic
strains

A

Aflatoxin B1

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17
Q

toxic alkaloids produced by
the fungus Claviceps purpurea - growing on the fruiting
heads of rye.

A

Ergotoxicosis

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18
Q

structure common to all ergot alkaloids

A

Lysergic acid

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19
Q

What fungus caused Ergotoxicosis

A

Claviceps purpurea

20
Q

Hardened masses of fungal tissue (sclerotia) that are
formed when the fungus invades the floret and replaces
the grain of wheat, barley, or rye

A

ERGOT ALKALOIDS

21
Q

(scabby grain intoxication

A

Akakabibye

22
Q

Toxic metabolites produced by fungi have been used by
primitive tribes for religious, magical and social
purposes.

A

PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS

23
Q

produced by the Psilocybe species
and other fungi.

A

hallucinogenic agents

24
Q

2 types of Mycotic poisoning

A
  1. Mycetism
  2. Mycotoxicosis
25
Q

It binds to ergosterol in fungal membranes -
creating ion channels -leading to leakage and cell
death.

A

Polyenes

26
Q

Polyene membrane damage through

A

oxidative stress

27
Q

Toxicity of polyenes is reduced by the use

A

liposomal
formulations.

28
Q

administered intravenously (IV) for serious fungal
infections and has been the drug of choice for most
life-threatening fungal infections

A

AMPHOTERICIN B (AMB)

29
Q

not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract

A

nystatin

30
Q

used topically, intravaginally, or orally to treat Candida
overgrowth or infections of cutaneous or mucosal
surfaces

A

nystatin

31
Q

an antimetabolite converted in fungal cells to 5-
fluorouradylic acid - competes with uracil to cause
miscoding and disruption of RNA, protein, and DNA
synthesis

A

5-FLUOROCYTOSINE

32
Q

resistance develops quickly if used alone. It is used
in combination with amphotericin B or fluconazole
for specific infections

A

-FLUOROCYTOSINE

33
Q

azole drugs with two nitrogen in the azole ring -
commonly used for localized surface infection

A

IMIDAZOLE

34
Q

orally administered but is used
only in non–life-threatening fungal infections.

A

Ketoconazole

35
Q

used topically against dermatophytes
and candida spp

A

Miconazole

36
Q

have a broad spectrum of activity

A

triazole

37
Q

The most commonly used azoles, include fluconazole,
itraconazole, econazole, terconazole, butoconazole,
and tioconazole.

A

triazole

38
Q

azole drugs with three nitrogens in the azole ring

A

FLUCONAZOLE

39
Q

better systemic activity than the Imidazoles.

A

FLUCONAZOLE

40
Q

Treatment of mucocutaneous candida infections, non–
life-threatening aspergillus infections, moderate or
severe histoplasmosis or blastomycosis, and
sporotrichosi

A

ITRACONAZOLE

41
Q

may be effective against other fungi that have
developed AMB resistance.

A

VORICONAZOLE

42
Q

Now a primary drug for treatment of invasive
aspergillosis as an alternative to AMB

A

VORICONAZOLE

43
Q

a newer azole licensed for treatment of Zygomycetes
(non-septate fungi) infections.

A

POSACONAZOLE

44
Q

Inhibit fungal glucan synthesis - leading to a
weakened cell wall and cell lysis.

A

ECHINOCANDINS

45
Q

may be used for dermatophytes and mucosal yeast
infections

A

TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL

46
Q

example of TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL

A

Imidazoles, Allylamines - terbinafine and
naftifine, tolnaftate

MYCV311 (10 decks)

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