Systemic 10/18/16 Flashcards
What are four things done to perform gene therapy?
- Gene insertion therapy
- Liposomes
- Antisense
- Methylation
T/F
Single gene diseases may be amenable to such treatement
True
Are most diseases with a genetic component as the basis multifactorial or unifactorial?
Multifactorial
Defects and polymorphisms increase the risk for what?
Periodontitis
If the Fc receptors are defective what can occur?
Periodontitis
If you have a high IgG2 level what can occur?
Periodontitis
What do caucasian male non-smoker what will they have increased levels of if they have periodontal disease?
Higher levels of IL-1
What is another name for PGE2?
COX 1
If you have high levels of PGE2 or COX 1 production what can occur?
Periodontitis
Where does arachidonic acid come from?
Cell membrane
What breaks down arachidonic acid?
COX 1
If you have receptor polymorphisms what can occur?
Periodontitis
What are three things that lead to damaged tissue?
- Bacterial infection
- Wound healing
- Inflammation
T/F
Fibroblasts can be changed by epigenetics
True
What is it called if you have an alteration in the proteins associated with DNA?
-Epigenetics
What protein is DNA bound to?
Histones
T/F
DNA exists in a naked state
False
DNA never exists in a naked state
What are the two main components of the epigenetic code?
- DNA methylation
- Histone modification
What can cause histone modification?
- Bacteria
- Host response
T/F
Bacteria can perform DNA methylation
True
What do bacteria use as a main mechanism to turn on and off transcription?
-DNA methylation
What can widespread methylation do?
-Silence gene transcription
What is required for histone modification?
- Histone acetylases
- Histone deacetylases
What is an example of a gene in the pancreas that can display histone modifications?
-Insulin gene
What are three factors that can change the epigenetics before birth?
- Maternal factors
- Toxins
- In Utero nutrition
When you are born you have an epigenotype. What are four things that can effect the epigenotype?
- Diet
- Aging
- Toxins/drugs
- Illness
T/F
The epigenotype of an adults can lead to diseases
True
What is the result of including folic acid in the diet of pregnant women?
It can decreases incidence of spinal bifida
What are some common diseases caused by epigenetics?
- Bladder cancer
- Rheumatoid arthritis
How does smoking effect epigenetics?
-It can down regulate methyl transferase
What causes bladder cancer?
Increased methylation of promoter site
What causes rheumatoid arthritis?
Less methylation at IL-6 promoter site
T/F
Some antibiotics can help stop epigenetic changes
True
What are chronic ulcers in diabetic patients caused by?
-Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteases
Where does LPS come from?
Gram (-) organism
What does Doxycycline do?
Reduce MMP (collagenase) activity
What can Doxycycline do for diabetic patients?
Reduce Chronic ulcers
How is doxycycline related to anti-inflammatory processes?
It is an antibiotic that has anti-inflammatory processes
What does doxycycline do to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines?
Inhibits
What does doxycycline do to MMP activity?
Inhibits
What does minocycline do to PMN migration and chemotaxis?
Suppression migration
How does a macrolid relate to inflammation?
- Supress amount of PMNs
- Reduce chemotaxis
- Decreases IL-8
What were tetracyclines shown to inhibit?
- MMP 8 and 9
- Decrease elastin degration
- Inhibit LPS production
What antibiotic effects IL-8?
Macrolids
Where would you use antibiotics for an anti-inflammatory treatment along with normal periodontal disease control?
-Diabetics
What do you use to inhibit arachidonic acid production?
- NSAIDS
- Triclosan
What can NSAIDS do?
inhibit arachidonic acid production
T/F
Oral hygiene is only important to oral health
False
Important to overall health
T/F
Oral care has a link to cardiovascular health
True
T/F
Periodontal care will prevent or resolve systemic health problems
False
We just know they are related
T/F
A pregnant women with bad periodontal disease may have an increased risk for low birth weight/pre-term labor.
True
