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Perio 1 2020 > Pathogenesis 9/28/16 > Flashcards

Pathogenesis 9/28/16 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the host immuno-inflammatory response release?

A
  • Cytokines
  • Prostanoids
  • Antibody
  • PMNs
  • MMPs
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2
Q

What does the microbial challenge release?

A
  • Antigens
  • Lipopolysaccharide
  • Other virulence factors
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3
Q

What line do macrophages come from?

A

-Myeloid stem cell

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4
Q

What line do peripheral dendritic cells come from?

A

myeloid stem cells

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5
Q

What line do PMNs come from?

A

-Myeloid stem cell

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6
Q

What line does mast cells come from?

A

-Myeloid stem cell

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7
Q

What line does erythrocytes come from?

A

-Myeloid stem cell

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8
Q

What are the principal responses from the inflammatory process?

A
  • Tissue injury
  • Blood vessel dilation and increased permeability to plasma
  • Circulating WBC adhere to walls of altered blood vessels
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9
Q

How do WBC get through vessel walls and to an area of injury?

A

Chemotaxis

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10
Q

What do WBC do when they reach an area of injury?

A

Induce phagocytosis of foreign material and tissue debri

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11
Q

Why do tissues swell during the inflammatory process?

A

-Plasma leakage

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12
Q

What causes pain in the inflammatory process?

A

-The increased fluid in tissues and effect of chemicals on sensory nerve endings

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13
Q

What releases Histamine?

A

-Mast cells during inflammation

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14
Q

What releases chemotactic factors?

A

-Mast cells during inflammation

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15
Q

What releases TNF alpha?

A

Mast cells during inflammation

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16
Q

What releases Leukotrienes?

A

Mast cells during inflammation

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17
Q

What releases prostaglandins?

A

Mast cells during inflammation

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18
Q

What releases interleukins 3,4,5,6?

A

Mast cells during inflammation

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19
Q

What is the effect of histamine?

A

Dilation and increase of permeability of small blood vessels

-constriction of bronchi

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20
Q

What are the effects of chemotactic factors?

A

-Eosinophil and PMN chemotaxis

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21
Q

What are the effects of TNF alpha?

A
  • Recruitment of granulocytes to area of inflammation

- Inducement of fever

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22
Q

What happens to positive acute phase proteins in response to inflammation?

A

-Increase

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23
Q

What happens to negative acute-phase proteins in response to inflammation?

A

-Decrease

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24
Q

What causes the epithelial cells to modify and secrete ICAM-1 and ICAM-2?

A

Interleukin 8

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25
Q

What type of plasma proteins increase due to microbial infections?

A
  • C-reactive protein
  • Fibrinogen
  • Complement
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26
Q

What protein shows a 2-5 fold increased risk for a Myocardial Infarction?

A

-C-reactive protein

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27
Q

What is complement protein activated by?

A

-Antigen-Antibody interaction with IgG and IgM

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28
Q

Where is complement protein synthesized?

A
  • Liver

- Small intestine

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29
Q

In both the specific and non-specific pathway what enzyme allows you to make C3?

A

-C3 convertase enzyme

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30
Q

What does C3 do?

A

Activate inflammation and opsonization

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31
Q

What does C3a do?

A

Activate inflammation

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32
Q

What does C3b do?

A

activate opsonization

33
Q

What two proteins activate inflammation?

A

C3a

C5a

34
Q

What does C5 lead to?

A

-A cascade leading to cell lysis besides C5a

35
Q

What causes most of the damage in periodontal disease?

A

-Fibroblast

36
Q

T/F

The PMN is considered a terminal cell

A

True

37
Q

What are three activities of PMNs?

A
  • Phagocytosis
  • Release of enzymes
  • Release of chemical mediators
38
Q

How does the PMN stick to endothelium?

A
  • Selectins

- Adhesins

39
Q

After the PMN sticks to the endothelium what happens?

A

Squeezes through endothelium (diapedesis)

40
Q

After the PMN squeezes through the endothelium what happens?

A
  • Chemotaxis
  • Kills bacteria by phagocytosis
  • Dies
41
Q

What do macrophages/monocytes release that attract Neutrophils?

A
  • Leukotriene B4

- IL-8

42
Q

What causes the localized damage?

A

the release of chemical mediators from PMNs

43
Q

What keeps the damage localized?

A

TIMPS

44
Q

What are two examples of receptors that PMNs have?

A
  • Laminin

- Fibronectin

45
Q

What antibody receptors does PMN recognize?

A
  • Fc

- C3b

46
Q

What do you find on the internal part of the endothelium that were stimulated by complement and IL-8?

A
  • ICAM 1
  • ICAM2
  • ELAM
47
Q

What do dying anaerobic bacteria release that can stimulate the monocyte?

A

LPS

48
Q

What do microbes release that activate the mast cells?

A

C3a

49
Q

What is the most important chemoattractant for PMNs?

A

F-Met

50
Q

T/F

In aggressive periodontitis the NADPH is defective

A

True

51
Q

What do you find in the Azurophilic granules (primary granules)?

A
  • Defensins
  • Elastase
  • Cathepsin G
52
Q

What do you find in the specific granules (secondary granules)?

A
  • Collagenase
  • lactoferrin
  • lysozyme
  • cathelicidin
53
Q

What do you find in the tertiary granules?

A
  • Cathepsin

- Gelatinase

54
Q

What type of exudate do you find in a chronic infection?

A

Yellow exudate

55
Q

What type of exudate do you find in an acute infection?

A

Green exudate

56
Q

T/F

PMNs have both oxidative and non-oxidative to kill bacteria

A

True

57
Q

What type of environment do you find in the periodontal pocket?

A

-Anaerobic environment

58
Q

What is the primary cell found in the exudate?

A

PMNs

59
Q

What are the main cells of the immune system?

A

-Lymphoid stem cell

60
Q

What percent of the total serum is IgG?

A

80-85%

61
Q

What is the half life of IgG?

A

21 days

62
Q

What percent of the total serum is IgM?

A

5-10%

63
Q

What is the half life of IgM?

A

10 days

64
Q

What percent of total serum is IgA?

A

10%

65
Q

What is the half life of IgA?

A

6 days

66
Q

What percent of total serum is IgD?

A

Less than 1%

67
Q

What is the half life if IgD?

A

3 days

68
Q

What percent is the total serum of IgE?

A

less than .01%

69
Q

What is the half life of IgE?

A

2 days

70
Q

What is the main Ig that you find in saliva?

A

IgA

71
Q

T/F

The IgA is resistant to enzymatic degradation

A

True

72
Q

When you see an antibody a second time what immunoglobulin responds very well?

A

IgG

73
Q

Where does LPS come from?

A

Bacteria

74
Q

What stimulates the macrophage?

A

LPS binds the LBP that is recognized by the CD14 receptor

75
Q

What does the macrophage release?

A
  • TNF alpha
  • MMP
  • IL-1B
  • PGE2
76
Q

What is PGE2 directly involved in?

A

Alveolar bone resorption

77
Q

What stimulates the fibroblast?

A

IL-1b

TNF-alpha

78
Q

What does CD4 bind to?

A

MHC class II

79
Q

What does CD8 bind to?

A

MHC class I

Perio 1 2020 (9 decks)

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