syria

Question 1

cause

Answer 1

civil war since 2011 after a forceful crackdown on peaceful student protests against the government of bashar al-assad which has only accelerated as government troops, armed rebels and external forces clash by taking territory from each other

Question 2

source

Answer 2

libya, syria, iraq, afghanistan, eritrea, senegal, nigeria, sudan, somalia

IPDs in syria are under control of country so every male is forced to sign up for conscription and live in make shift tents.

Question 3

pull factors

Answer 3

live in peace
have family their
more prospects
europe’s 80 million-man economy powerhouse

Question 4

hosts

Answer 4

germany, sweden, italy, france, uk- (1.3 mill have requested asylum)

US- 18,000 (between 2011-2016)

turkey- 3.6 mill (90% outside of camps and lack basic services)

iraq- 250,000 (within kurdistan region (north) where iraqis aalso fled to escape ISIL, most integrate into communities)

egypt- 130,000

living in plastic sheets throughout winter so no protection from storms

Question 5

push factor

Answer 5

safe passage across M sea during summer
conflict
lack of infrastructure

Question 6

consequence: violence

Answer 6

500,000 killed
more than 55,000 were children
increases as foreign powers joined
(all reports from syrian observatory for human rights)

Question 7

consequences: infrastructure

Answer 7

95% lack adequate healthcare 
70% lack regular access to clean water 
half of children aren't in school
economy shattered 
8% live in poverty

Question 8

consequences: children

Answer 8

nations hope for a future 
lost loved ones- lack of support
suffered injuries- weak workforce
lack/missed education
experienced trauma/violence/brutality
produces a population with the MAO gene (killer gene)

Question 9

figures

Answer 9

10% take dangerous journey to europe

5.6 million have fled (by land and sea)

Question 10

child impacts

Answer 10

disease & malnutrition: susceptible to aliments eg cholera due to poor sanitation (poor housing, cold weather risks pneumonia and respiratory infections). they miss vaccinations and health checkups

labour: have to work to support their families, usually dangerous and demeaning conditions with little pay.
soldiers: children are used as fighters, human shields, support roles (report by trafficking in persons report)

marriage/abuse: more vulnerable to sex abuse and exploitation in unfamiliar and overcrowded conditions in camps and tent settlements. also fearful of their daughters being molested parents arrange marriages (as young as 13 years old)

education: 40% out of school (the war reversed 2 decades of of educational progress) 1/3 of schools aren’t operating because of of damage or are occupied by military or displaced people.

Question 11

lebanon (as a host)

Answer 11

950,000
1/6 of lebanon’s population
living in tents which aren’t official camps
few legal income opportunities
unable too afford basic needs
they are not welcome here
received willingly at start of war and shared houses, spare rooms and education)
tension increased
population in some towns doubled
pressure on services
waste management cant cope
many lebanese have lost jobs as refugees are willing to work for cheaper
many have been evicted because they are house sharing
aid needed for both sides (handled at a community level)
lebanese children feel left out as more attention is given to syrian children
spatial issues
not enough teachers
half school days
this crisis affects the whole of lebanon
syrians are getting into debt
lebanese shops going into debt (giving out too much)
poverty leads to conflict

Question 12

jordan (as a host)

Answer 12

670,000 (120,000 live in camps where aid groups converted desert into cities)
have relatives in common
mixed well
not extreme cultural contrast
work for less money
exploited in work
raised housing prices (cant send children to school if you cant pay rent)
jordan men earn less (smaller dowry/ cant provide place to live) and delay marriage due to this
syrian women are marrying jordan men
tension is rising in some areas (usually small villages in the north)
longer the stay the more strain the host has “snowballing effect”
jordan is “water poor”- syrians don’t conserve well

Question 13

germany (as a host)

Answer 13

305,000 applications (500 to every 1 million)
50% from war torn areas and travel through
pays for housing, health, education, language, skills, retraining
1 million jobs open
less inflation as economy grows
native workers will have more benefit long term
2 years for migrants to get jobs
21,000 found jobs (due to low skill sets and not knowing language)
government invests 6 million euros every year