Synthetic Routes Flashcards
What kind of reaction occurs to turn an alkane to an alkene?
Cracking
What type of reaction turns an Alkane to a haloalkane?
Radical substitution
What type of reaction turns and alkene into a haloalkane?
Halogenation
What type of reaction turns an alkene into a polymer?
Addition polymerisation
What type of reaction turns an alkene into an alcohol?
Hydrolysis
What type of reaction turns an alcohol to an alkene?
Dehydration
What type of reaction turns an alcohol into:
An aldehyde
A ketone
A carboxylic acid
Oxidation of primary alcohol goes to an aldehyde
Oxidation under reflux of a primary alcohol goes to a carboxylic acid
Oxidation of a secondary alcohol goes to a ketone
Tertiary alcohols do not oxidise easily
What type of reaction turns an alcohol to a haloalkane?
Substitution
What type of reaction turns a haloalkane into an alcohol?
Hydrolysis
What are the reaction conditions to turn an alkane to a haloalkane?
Cl2
U.V light
Free radical substitution
What are the reaction conditions for the synthesis of primary amines from haloalkanes?
Ammonia
Heating
What are the reaction conditions for the synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines and ammonium salts from haloalkanes?
Ammonia
Heating
What are the reaction conditions for the synthesis of nitriles from haloalkanes?
KCN (potassium cyanide)
Ethanol
Reflux
What are the reaction conditions to synthesise a primary amine from a nitrile?
LiAlH4 with dilute H2SO4
In dry ether
What are the reaction conditions for the synthesis of an alkene from a haloalkane?
NaOH
Ethanol
Reflux
What are the reaction conditions for the synthesis of a haloalkane from an alkene?
HBr (hydrogen bromide)
Room temperature
What are the reaction conditions for the synthesis of dibromoalkane from an alkene?
Br2
Room temperature
This is the test for unsaturation of hydrocarbons
What are the reaction conditions for the synthesis of an alcohol from a haloalkane?
Warm NAOH
Reflux
What are the reaction conditions for the synthesis of an alcohol form an alkene?
H3PO4 catalyst
Steam
300 degrees
60 atm
Or
H2O
H2SO4 catalyst
What are the reaction conditions for the synthesis of an alkene from an alcohol?
Conc H2SO4
Reflux