Organic Chemistry Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Organic compounds containing hydrogen and carbon only

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2
Q

What are aliphatic hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbons with carbon atoms joined in straight or branched chains

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3
Q

What are alicyclic hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbons with carbon atoms joined in a ring structure

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4
Q

What are aromatic hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbons with at least 1 benzene ring in the structure

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5
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A group of atoms which is responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound

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6
Q

What is homolytic fission?

A

When a bond breaks and each electron goes to a different atom in the bond resulting in free radicals

Eg homolytic fission of bromine

Br—Br ——> 2 •Br

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7
Q

What is heterolytic fission?

A

When a bond breaks and both the electrons goes to the same atom resulting in ions

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8
Q

How are bonds formed?

A

Upon the collision of 2 free radicals or oppositely charged ions

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9
Q

What are isomers?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms

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10
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Same molecular formula but the structural formulas are different

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11
Q

What is a chain isomer?

A

Same molecular formula and functional group but the arrangement of carbon atoms in the chain is different

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12
Q

What is a positional isomer?

A

Same molecular formula and functional group but the position of the functional group is different

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13
Q

What are functional group isomers?

A

Same molecular formula but the functional group is different

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14
Q

What are geometric isomers?

A

Same structural formula but the bonds are arranged differently in space

(Often occurs with a C=C double bond)

Produces E/Z isomerism

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15
Q

What is E/Z isomerism?

A

If the 2 atoms with the greatest atom numbers appear on the same side of the double bond it is a Z isomer. If they are in opposite sides then it is an E isomer.

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16
Q

What are optical isomers?

A

Optical isomers occur when there are 4 different substituents attached to on carbon molecule (chiral molecule)

Results in two enantiomers which are non super impossible mirror images of one another