Acids And Bases Flashcards
What does an acid and base reaction involve?
Transfer of H+ ions
What is a bronsted Lowry acid?
A substance that can donate a proton
Proton donor
What is a bronsted Lowry base?
A substance that can accept a proton
Proton acceptor
What is a conjugate acid base pair?
A set of two species which become each other either by the gain or loss of a proton
In an acid and base reaction what are the spectator ions?
Ions which are not directly involved in the acid or base reaction.
For the reaction identify which are the conjugate acid and base pairs
HNO2 +H2O NO2- + H3O+
HNO2 acid 1 to NO2- base 1
H2O base 2 to H3O+ acid 2
What are mono, Di and Tri and poly basic acids?
Monobasic acid:
Each molecule can release 1 proton
Dibasic acids:
Each molecule can release 2 protons
Tribasic acids:
Each molecule can release 3 protons
Polybasic acids (Di/Tri) release their protons in multiple steps
What is a neutralisation reaction?
When an acid and base react and give a salt and water
Strong acid + strong base
What happens when an acid reacts with a carbonate?
Forms a salt, water and carbon dioxide
What happens when an acid reacts with a base?
Forms a salt and water
What is an alkali?
A base which dissolved in water forming OH- ions
What happens when an acid reacts with a metal?
Forms a salt and hydrogen gas
Redox reactions
How do you calculate H+ concentration and pH?
pH = -log([H+])
H+ = 10^-pH
What is a strong acid?
An acid which can fully dissociate in water
HA ——> H+ + A-
Therefore the [acid] = [H+]
What is a weak acid?
An acid which only partially dissociates in water and are therefore in equilibrium
We can only compare the strengths of weak acids
How do you calculate the pH of a strong acid?
Since [acid] = [H+]
We can easily find pH from
-Log(H+)
What is Ka?
How does it relate to strong and weak acids?
Acid dissociation constant
Ka = [H+] [A-] / [HA]
Strong acids - high Ka value
Weak acids - low Ka value
What is the strength of an acid?
How much an acid will dissociate when it is dissolved
Strength of weak acid is how far its equilibrium lies to the right