synthetic hormone

Question 1

what is the first step of producing insulin from recombinant DNA?

Answer 1

human DNA is extracted from a cell of the gene of interest and is cut from human DNA with a restriction enzyme to produce sticky ends

Question 2

what is the second step of producing insulin from recombinant DNA?

Answer 2

extract plasmid from a bacterial cell and use the same restriction enzyme to cut open the plasmid

Question 3

what is the third step of producing insulin from recombinant DNA?

Answer 3

join target gene and plasmid

• sticky ends are complementary > weak hydrogen bonds form between bases
• DNA ligase joins sugar-phosphate backbone through ligation

Question 4

what is the fourth step of producing insulin from recombinant DNA?

Answer 4

the recombinant plasmid is formed

Question 5

what is the fifth step of producing insulin from recombinant DNA?

Answer 5

transformation = bacteria are treated with heat to make them take up recombinant plasmid

Question 6

what is the sixth step of producing insulin from recombinant DNA?

Answer 6

genetically modified bacteria that contain recombinant plasmid are cultured

Question 7

what is the seventh step of producing insulin from recombinant DNA?

Answer 7

genetically modified bacteria express insulin gene in the recombinant plasmid

Question 8

what is the eighth step of producing insulin from recombinant DNA?

Answer 8

insulin is extracted + purified

Question 9

what are the pros of synthetic hormones?

Answer 9

• identical to human insulin
• large amounts quickly
• more affordable + accessible
• pure hormones in a sterile lab

Question 10

what are the costs of synthetic hormones?

Answer 10

• expensive