Synthesising a polypeptide: Translation

Question 1

what is translation ?

before the steps occur

Answer 1

mrna arrives at the ribosome and is recognised by the ribosome

Question 2

step 1 ?

Answer 2

ribosome attaches to the mrna, an initiation codon. the ribosome encloses two codons on mrna

Question 3

step 2 ?

Answer 3

the first trna molecule with an amino acid attached diffuses to the ribosome. its anticodon attaches to the first mrna codon by complementary base pairing

Question 4

step 3 ?

Answer 4

the next amino acid, trna attaches to the adjacent mrna codon

Question 5

step 4 ?

Answer 5

the bond between the amino acid and the trna is cut and a peptide bond is formed between the two amino acids. these operations are catalysed by enzymes in the ribosomes and atp

Question 6

step 5 ?

Answer 6

the ribosomes move along one codon so that a new amino acid trna can attach. the trna that was bound to the first codon is freed and returned to the cytoplasm. the free trna molecule leaves to collect another amino acid. cycle repeats from step 3

Question 7

step 6 ?

Answer 7

the polypeptide chain elongates one amino acid at a time and peels away from the ribosome, folding into a protien as it goes. this continues for more than a hundred amino acids until a stop codon is reached, where the ribosome falls apart, releasing the finsihed protien