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biology > Protein synthesis: Transcription > Flashcards

Protein synthesis: Transcription Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How are ribosomes formed ?

A

formed from rna and protiens

site of protien synthesis

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2
Q

1st step of transcription ?

A

when a gene needs to be transcribed, the dna molecule unwinds and the hydrogen bonds holding the 2 strands together break. this exopses unpaired bases on dna strands.

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3
Q

2nd step of transcription ?

A

only one dna strand is used as the template

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4
Q

3rd step of transcription ?

A

free rna nucleotides pair with the exposed bases forming hydrogen bonds

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5
Q

4th step of transcription ?

A

rna polymerase moves along the template dna strand, joining free rna nucleotides into a polynucleotide chain by forming phosphodiester bonds in condensation reactions

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6
Q

1st event ?

number 1

A

dna cannot move out of the nucleus so the dna code is rewritten into a molecule of mrna

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7
Q

2nd event ?

A

mrna travels from the nucleus through pores in the nuclear envelope to the ribosomes

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8
Q

3rd event ?

A

free amino acids are carried from the cytoplasm to the cytoplasm by trna

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9
Q

4th event ?

A

ribosome reads the mrna code and assembles the amino acids into a protien

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10
Q

what is transciption ?

A

rewriting the dna code inside mrna

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11
Q

5th step of transcription ?

A

when the rna polymerase reaches a particular squence of the dna and recognises a stop triplet code, it detaches

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12
Q

6th step of transcription ?

A

pre mrna has been formed and leaves the nucleus via nuclear pores in the envelope

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13
Q

what happens in the transcription of dna into mrna ?

A

one of the strands of dna is used as the template to synthesise the mrna.

mrna will have a base sequence that is complementary to that strand (except uracil replaces thymine)

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14
Q

what is splicing ?

A

introns being removed from a pre mrna

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15
Q

why is pre mrna modified ?

A

genes in eukaryotic dna contains sections that dont code for amino acids

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16
Q

what is an intron ?

A

a sequence of dna nucleotides within a gene which doesnt code for a polypeptide

17
Q

what is an exon ?

A

a squence of dna nucleotides that does code for a polypeptide

18
Q

what happens in eukaryotes during transcription ?

A

intons or exons are copied into mrna.
mrna strands containing intons and exons are called pre - mrna

19
Q

what is mature rna ?

A

exons are joined together to form a mrna strand

biology (13 decks)

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