Syntax: Sentences and Clauses Flashcards

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1
Q

Define syntax

A

Ordering of language.

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2
Q

What is a sentence?

A

Def. A grammatically complete idea composing of subject and a predicate.

eg.,

  1. The great big dog licked my face.
  2. INVISIBLE NOUN Pick up that muffin!
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3
Q

Differentiate subject and predicate.

A

Subject and predicate makes a complete sentence.

Subject - The noun/pronoun chunk.

Predicate - The verb chunk.

  • *eg.,**
  • *The great big dog** licked my face.
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4
Q

What are the 4 types of sentences?

A
  1. Declarative - Declares something.
  2. Interrogative - Interrogates something. (?)
  3. Imperative - Commands something.
  4. Exclamatory - Shows a huge emotion, volume, or both. (!)
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5
Q

What are simple sentences.

A

Def. consisting of one subject and one predicate. ONE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE.

eg.,

  1. I bought my friends some candy.
    * The “candy” part is called an object.*
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6
Q

What are compound sentences?

A

Def. Two independent clauses that are combined together.

  1. I visited the beach(, and ) I got a really bad sunburn.
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7
Q

A compound predicate does not make eligible to be a compound sentence if it is not composed of two sentences that can stand on their own.

A

TRUE!

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8
Q

What are complex sentences?

A

Def.

  • Composed of

1 independent clause

and

1 or more than one dependent clause.

eg.,

  1. When we buy his birthday cake, we have to make sure it’s lemon.
  2. When we buy his birthday cake, we have to make sure it’s lemonbecause it’s his favorite.

When is a subordinating conjunction and often makes an independent sentence a dependent one.

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9
Q

What are Independent clauses

A

Def. - A sentence that can stand on its own.

eg.,

I ate the pineapple.

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10
Q

Define Dependent clauses.

A

def. A sentence that cannot stand on its own (begins with subordinating conjunction).

eg.,

  1. Because it was delicious.
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11
Q

What are Compound-complex sentences?

A

Def. Consists of one or more independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.

eg.,

  1. After the storm has passed, I went outside, and I picked flowers.
  2. After the storm has passed, I went outside, and I picked flowers because they were beautiful.
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12
Q

Identifying subjects and predicates.

A

Def.

Subject - A noun or a pronoun that performs a verb in a sentence.

Predicate - The verb and its pals (including the object).

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13
Q

Identifying subjects, direct objects, and indirect objects.

A

Def.

Subject - Performs the verb in a sentence.

Direct object - A noun that is being acted upon.

Indirect object - being acted upon but it’s the recipient of the direct object.

eg.,

  1. Althea threw a frisbee.
  2. Althea threw me a frisbee.

]Althea threw a frisbee at me.[ “at me” will be known as adverbial prepositional phrase because it modifies the word threw. (it will not be known as the indirect object.)

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14
Q

Phrases

A

Def. - A group of word that act like a part of speech, but it can’t be a sentence because it doesn’t have both the subject and a verb.

eg.,

  1. My best friend (noun).
  2. With the blue shirt (adj.).
  3. For twenty days (adv.).
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15
Q

Clauses

A

Def. - A group of words that can (has a chance) be a sentence.

  • Clauses has a subject and a verb.
  • Clauses can be an independent or dependent clauses.

eg.,

  1. A wizard who cast a spell.
  2. The wizard cast a spell.
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16
Q

Relative clauses

A

def. A dependent clause that starts with a relative pronoun.

eg.,

  1. The boy who lived.
17
Q

Relative pronoun

A

Def. used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun.

eg.,