syntax

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

a set of rules for or an analysis of the syntax of a language.

Question 2

grammar

Answer 2

the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology (including inflections) and sometimes also phonology and semantics.

Question 3

constituents

Answer 3

a linguistic part of a larger sentence, phrase, or clause.

Question 4

Phrases

Answer 4

a group of words which act together as a grammatical unit.

Question 5

pronominalisation

Answer 5

the process or fact of using a pronoun instead of another sentence constituent (such as a noun or noun phrase)

Question 6

pro-form

Answer 6

a word or phrase that can take the place of another word (or word group) in a sentence.

Question 7

wh-pronoun

Answer 7

We use interrogative pronouns to ask questions. They are: who, which, whom, what and whose. These are also known as wh-words.

Question 8

movement

Answer 8

Another such test for constituency

Question 9

coordination test

Answer 9

Coordination is one of the traditional diagnostic tests for constituent structure. If a string x is able to conjoin with a similar string, this is taken to mean that x is a constituent, while if this is not possible, it suggests that x is not a constituent.

Question 10

gapping

Answer 10

is a type of ellipsis that occurs in the non-initial conjuncts of coordinate structures.

Question 11

sentence-fragment test

Answer 11

A sentence fragment is a group of words that cannot stand alone as a sentence because it does not express a complete thought.

Question 12

head

Answer 12

is the key word that determines the nature of a phrase (in contrast to any modifiers or determiners

Question 13

prepositional

phrases

Answer 13

a modifying phrase consisting of a preposition and its object.

Question 14

adjective phrases

Answer 14

An adjective phrase is a group of words headed by an adjective that describes a noun or a pronoun. Interactive Examples of Adjective Phrases.

Question 15

verb phrases

Answer 15

the part of a sentence containing the verb and any direct or indirect object, but not the subject.

Question 16

adverb phrases

Answer 16

is simply a group of two or more words that function as an adverb in a sentence.

Question 17

projections

Answer 17

Syntacticians say that the
head projects its properties onto the phrase as a whole (which is also the reason
why phrases are often called projections of their head).

Question 18

word-classes,

Answer 18

English: nouns, determiners, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions.

Question 19

syntactic categories,

Answer 19

What is syntactic category?
A syntactic category is a set of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties: word order, and cooccurrence requirements

Question 20

parts-of-speech

Answer 20

a category to which a word is assigned in accordance with its syntactic functions. In English the main parts of speech are noun, pronoun, adjective, determiner, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.

Question 21

lexical categories.

Answer 21

A lexical category is a syntactic category for elements that are part of the lexicon of a language. These elements are at the word level.

Question 22

determiners

Answer 22

a modifying word that determines the kind of reference a noun or noun group has, for example a, the, every.

Question 23

phrase structure rules

Answer 23

re a type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language’s syntax and are closely associated with the early stages of transformational grammar, proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1957

Question 24

subordinate clauses.

Answer 24

a clause, typically introduced by a conjunction, that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause

Question 25

clause

Answer 25

a unit of grammatical organization next below the sentence in rank and in traditional grammar said to consist of a subject and predicate.

Question 26

Sentences

Answer 26

a set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.

Question 27

matrix clause

Answer 27

a matrix clause is a clause that contains a subordinate clause.

Question 28

main | clause

Answer 28

a clause that can form a complete sentence standing alone, having a subject and a predicate.

Question 29

predicate

Answer 29

the part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject (e.g., went home in John went home ).

Question 30

subject-verb agreement

Answer 30

o the relationship between the subject and predicate of the sentence

Question 31

case forms

Answer 31

forms that mark the grammatical function of noun phrases in a sentence or phrase

Question 32

transitive verbs

Answer 32

What is transitive verb and examples? | A transitive verb is a verb that requires an object to receive the action

Question 33

intransitive verbs

Answer 33

``` verbs that cannot take an object (e.g. sleep, laugh) ```

Question 34

di- | transitive

Answer 34

In (48) the verbs write, prepare and introduce have one object each, but there are also verbs that can take two objects, like give, or show

Question 35

direct object

Answer 35

is a word or phrase that receives the action of the verb

Question 36

indirect | object

Answer 36

a noun or pronoun that indicates to whom or for whom the action of a verb in a sentence is performed.

Question 37

adverbial

Answer 37

a word or phrase functioning like an adverb.

Question 38

complement

Answer 38

a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a given expression

Question 39

predicative complements

Answer 39

completes the meaning of a sentence by giving information about a noun

Question 40

adjunct

Answer 40

a thing added to something else as a supplementary rather than an essential part.