Morphology

Question 1

affix

Answer 1

a grammatical element that is combined with a word, stem, or phrase to produce derived or inflected forms.

Question 2

affixation

Answer 2

a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme, an affix, is attached to a morphological base.

Question 3

agglutinating language

Answer 3

a language which has a morphological system in which words as a rule are polymorphemic and where each morpheme corresponds to a single lexical meaning.

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

any of two or more actual representations of a morpheme.

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

is a variation in the form and/or sound of a word or word part.

Question 6

Ambiguity

Answer 6

a quality of language that makes speech or written text open to multiple interpretations.

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

is a language that organizes words and grammar by a strict word order instead of inflections, or word endings that show grammar.

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

A bound morpheme is a word element that cannot stand alone as a word, including both prefixes and suffixes.

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

a root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme.

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

Closed lexical categories rarely acquire new members. Closed lexical categories include pronouns, determiners, prepositions, and conjunctions.

Question 11

compounding

Answer 11

What is compounding in linguistics with example?
Image result for compounding definition in linguistics
In linguistics, the process of combining two or more words (free morphemes) to create a new word (commonly a noun, verb, or adjective).

Question 12

conjunction

Answer 12

are linguistic elements that link two or more words, phrases, clauses, or sentences within a larger unit, in such a way that a specific semantic relation is established between them.

Question 13

content morpheme

Answer 13

Content morphemes express a concrete meaning or content, and function morphemes have more of a grammatical role.

Question 14

content word

Answer 14

in linguistics, are words that possess semantic content and contribute to the meaning of the sentence in which they occur.

Question 15

derivation

Answer 15

is the formation of a new word or inflectable stem from another word or stem.

Question 16

determiner

Answer 16

is a word, phrase, or affix that occurs together with a noun or noun phrase and serves to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context.

Question 17

form

Answer 17

a meaningful unit of speech (such as a morpheme, word, or sentence) — called also speech form.

Question 18

free morpheme

Answer 18

is a grammatical unit that can occur by itself. However, other morphemes such as affixes can be attached to it.

Question 19

function morpheme

Answer 19

The examples of functional morphemes are: in, he, but, modal auxiliary verbs, such as will, and auxiliary verbs, such as is.

Question 20

function word

Answer 20

a word whose purpose is more to signal grammatical relationship than the lexical meaning of a sentence, e.g., do in do you live here?.

Question 21

fusional language

Answer 21

a language that forms words by the fusion (rather than the agglutination) of morphemes, so that the constituent elements of a word are not kept distinct.

Question 22

hierarchical structure

Answer 22

refers to any ordering of units or levels on a scale of size, abstraction, or subordination. … Also called syntactic hierarchy or morpho-syntactic hierarchy.

Question 23

homophony

Answer 23

the linguistic phenomenon whereby words of different origins become identical in pronunciation. part music composed in a homophonic style.

Question 24

incorporation

Answer 24

the compounding of a word (typically a verb or preposition) with another element (typically a noun, pronoun, or adverb). The compound serves the combined syntactic function of both elements.

Question 25

infix

Answer 25

an affix inserted inside a word stem (an existing word or the core of a family of words). It contrasts with adfix, a rare term for an affix attached to the outside of a stem such as a prefix or suffix

Question 26

inflection

Answer 26

the change in the form of a word (in English, usually the addition of endings) to mark such distinctions as tense, person, number, gender, mood, voice, and case. … Remnants of the earlier inflectional system of Old English may also be found (e.g., he, him, his).

Question 27

input

Answer 27

All words, contexts, and other forms of language to which a learner is exposed, relative to acquired proficiency in first or second languages

Question 28

lexical category

Answer 28

is a syntactic category for elements that are part of the lexicon of a language.

Question 29

lexicon

Answer 29

the lexicon is the total stock of words and word elements that carry meaning.

Question 30

morpheme

Answer 30

The definition of a morpheme is the smallest unit in a language that still has meaning. An example of a morpheme is -est in the word greatest.

Question 31

Morphology

Answer 31

morphology is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language.

Question 32

open lexical category

Answer 32

A lexical category is open if the new word and the original word belong to the same category. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are open lexical categories. In contrast, closed lexical categories rarely acquire new members.

Question 33

output

Answer 33

Output is what the student produces verbally or in writing.

Question 34

partial reduplication

Answer 34

the reduplicant “copies” a phonological substring from the base; morphological. constituency is (usually) ignored.

Question 35

polysynthetic language

Answer 35

A polysynthetic language is a language in which words tend to consist of several morphemes.

Question 36

Prefix

Answer 36

an affix which is placed before the stem of a word.

Question 37

preposition

Answer 37

words that indicate a relation between the noun or pronoun and another word, which may be a verb, an adjective, or another noun or pronoun.

Question 38

productive

Answer 38

productivity is the degree to which native speakers of a language use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation.

Question 39

Pronoun

Answer 39

A pronoun (I, me, he, she, herself, you, it, that, they, each, few, many, who, whoever, whose, someone, everybody, etc.) is a word that takes the place of a noun. … There are three types of pronouns: subject (for example, he); object (him); or possessive (his).

Question 40

reduplicant

Answer 40

a word-formation process in which meaning is expressed by repeating all or part of a word. … As for form, the term “reduplicant” has been widely used to refer to the repeated portion of a word, while “base” is used to refer to the portion of the word that provides the source material for repetition

Question 41

reduplication

Answer 41

word formation process that repeats all or part of a word to convey some form of meaning.

Question 42

root

Answer 42

is the core of a word that is irreducible into more meaningful elements. … The root word is the primary lexical unit of a word, and of a word family (this root is then called the base word), which carries aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents.

Question 43

simultaneous affix

Answer 43

an affix articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem; exists only in visual-gestural languages.

Question 44

stem

Answer 44

is a part of a word responsible for its lexical meaning. The term is used with slightly different meanings depending on the morphology of the language in question.

Question 45

suffix

Answer 45

An affix added to the end of a word or stem, serving to form a new word or functioning as an inflectional ending, such as -ness in gentleness, -ing in walking, or -s in sits.

Question 46

suppletion

Answer 46

Suppletion is the replacement of one stem with another, resulting in an allomorph of a morpheme which has no phonological similarity to the other allomorphs.