syntactic categories

Question 1

syntactic categories

Answer 1

a set of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties

Question 2

sentences (s)

Answer 2

a syntactic category that consists of all phrasal expressions that can grammatically occur in “sally thinks that __”

Question 3

noun phrases (NP)

Answer 3

consists of proper names and any other expressions that have the same distribution

Question 4

nouns (N)

Answer 4

consists of expressions that can combine with a determiner to their left and yield an NP

Question 5

count nouns

Answer 5

nouns that can be counted (ie desk, cat, dog) and can be pluralized

Question 6

mass nouns

Answer 6

nouns that cannot be counted or pluralized

Question 7

verb phrase (vp)

Answer 7

expressions that when combined with a noun phrase on their left will result in a sentence

Question 8

intransitive verbs

Answer 8

verbs that require no complements

Question 9

transitive verbs (tv)

Answer 9

verbs that require a noun phrase complement to form a verb phrase

Question 10

ditransitive verbs (dv)

Answer 10

consists of those expressions that if combined with 2 exxpressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase

Question 11

sentential complement verbs (sv)

Answer 11

verbs that require a complement of category s (sentence) to form a verb phrase

Question 12

adverb

Answer 12

expressions that occur in a verb phrase as adjuncts

Question 13

prepositional phrase

Answer 13

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase.
can be verb phrase or noun adjuncts

Question 14

phrase structure rules

Answer 14

a recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories

Question 15

phrase structure tree

Answer 15

a visual representation of how phrases are constructed within a descriptive grammar

Question 16

lexical entries

Answer 16

a representation of a lexical expression and its linguistic properties within a descriptive grammar of some language

Question 17

lexical ambiguity or homophony

Answer 17

the phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties

Question 18

ambiguous

Answer 18

the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form, can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression; the form that is shared by more than one expression is said to be ambifuous

Question 19

structural ambiguity

Answer 19

the phenomenon where a single string of words is the form or more than one distinct phrasal expression. arises because the same expressions can combine differently syntactically resulting in distinct phrases that happen to have the same form

Question 20

linguistic expression

Answer 20

a piece of language, it has a certain form, a certain meaning, and some syntatic properties

Question 21

grammatical

Answer 21

when a string of words really form a sentence in a language

Question 22

determiners

Answer 22

consists of expression such as “the, a, this, all,

consists of those expressions that when combined with a noun to their right result in a noun phrase

Question 23

adjectives

Answer 23

morphologically=consists of words to which the comparative suffix (-er) or the the suffix (-ness) can be added
syntactically= consists of those expressions that can be a noun adjuncts or occur in between a determiner and a noun

Question 24

grammaticality judgment

Answer 24

is a reflection of speakers’ mental grammar

Question 25

subject

Answer 25

an expression, typically a noun phrase, that occurs to the left of the verb phrase in an English sentence

Question 26

object

Answer 26

noun phrase that usually occurs immediately to the right of the verb.
a noun phrase complement

Question 27

principle of compositionality

Answer 27

the notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined

Question 28

phrasal expression

Answer 28

linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of smaller expressions

Question 29

word order

Answer 29

the linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expression. also the set of syntactic properties of expressions that dictates how they can be ordered with respect to other expressions

Question 30

argument

Answer 30

linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well

Question 31

complements

Answer 31

non subject argument of some expression

Question 32

adjuncts

Answer 32

a linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional also called modifier

Question 33

modifiers

Answer 33

a linguistic expression whose occurence in a sentence is optional, also known as adjuncts

Question 34

agreements

Answer 34

the phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence must ve inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc

Question 35

morphosyntax

Answer 35

the name for syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar

Question 36

syntactic constituent

Answer 36

a group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression, the smaller expressions out of which some larger phrasal expression was constructed in accordance with the phrase structure rules

Question 37

cleft

Answer 37

a type of sentence that has a general form- it was or it is

can be used a constituency test

Question 38

substitution

Answer 38

a constituency test that invloves replaces a constituent with a single word, such as pro form. in language processing, a production error in which one unit is replaced with another

Question 39

pro-forms

Answer 39

a word that can replace a syntactic constituent

Question 40

syntactic distribution

Answer 40

refers to the set syntactic environments in which an expression can occur